Abstract
Induction of embryonic callus through available asexual explant culture is applied in the protection and maintenance of cytoplasmic-male sterility and in the maintenance of other lines of onion (Allium cepa L.). Usage of the Plackett?Burman (PB) experimental design has been suggested as a screening method for many variables that influence the desired induction. In order to overcome limitations of standard experimental designs and prioritization of media culture components, a systematic investigation was carried out using the PB design. In this investigation, the effects of different factors such as 2,4-D, putrescine, carbohydrate sources (maltose, sorbitol, and sucrose), silver nitrate, glutamine, and glycine concentrations were assayed on callus and embryo induction through mature zygotic embryo explant culture. Out of the eight medium components screened, the four components of putrescine, glutamine, 2,4-D, and glycine were found to contribute positively to the callus production with a maximum production rate of 97.14%. The normal plot and linear regression equation with positive largest coefficient showed that putrescine had the highest significant positive effect with 200 mg/L and three elements comprising 2,4-D and glycine showing a significant reducing effect on callus induction. In embryonic callus induction, a wide range of responses were observed from 0% to 100% in the 21 trials. Results of linear regression data showed that among the eight elements, 2,4-D, glutamine, and glycine had significant effects on embryo production. Glycine and 2,4-D had the highest (26.34%) and the lowest (8.33%) contribution to explaining embryonic callus induction, respectively. A wide range of responses (0 to 44.1 mg) were observed in the Plackett-Burman design with respect to the fresh weight. The regression analysis for the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) demonstrated that glycine, sorbitol, and sucrose were of high influence on the fresh weight (P ≤ 0.05). Glycine (31.4%) and sucrose (6.7%) were found to have the highest and lowest contribution to the fresh weight of callus, respectively. Thus, this practical article seeks to show some helpful statistical approaches to typical problems in data analyses of tissue culture research.
Highlights
The genus Allium, belonging to the family Liliaceae, is cultivated worldwide as a condiment, vegetable, and medicinal herb with various applications
The current study was performed to develop an efficient protocol for calli and embryonic callus induction of onion
Zygotic embryo explants were evaluated for calli production potential, and this induction has been shown to result in responsive explants
Summary
The genus Allium, belonging to the family Liliaceae, is cultivated worldwide as a condiment, vegetable, and medicinal herb with various applications. Micropropagation of onion is usually applied in 1) preservation of the plant and its germplasm, 2) hybrid production: a process of seed production through cytoplasmic-male sterility, 3) breeding programs, and 4) application as a specific tool for the achievement of different biotechnological aspects. Some of these methods ensure stability of genetic material, high propagation rate, Tissue culture medium screening is a complex process because of the effects and interactions of many factors, and effective nutrient composition screening requires a careful experimental design and statistical analysis It is a multipurpose tool that can be used in applications, such as comparison, screening, transfer, identification, and optimization (Durakovic, 2017)
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