Indigenous resource governance as an alternative to mining: Redefining the boundaries of indigenous participation

Abstract

Abundant research demonstrates that state/company-led models of resource governance (SRG) do not provide a meaningful voice for indigenous peoples impacted by extractive projects. Many scholars agree that participatory mechanisms in the form of prior consultation protocols, environmental and social licensing, participatory budgets, territorial planning among others are used primarily to legitimize extractive industries. However, there are few studies about alternative resource governance systems operating in some indigenous settings with the potential to overcome SRG. This article examines indigenous resource governance (IRG) through the case of Capulálpam de Méndez, an indigenous community located in Oaxaca, Mexico. Drawing upon the support of alliances with state actors and neighboring communities, indigenous leaders created a strong IRG system capable of halting the mining industry. Local participatory institutions in the form of Community Assemblies have been integral to this process. On the downside, women's rights are overlooked in order to maintain traditional territorial ruling structures. In addition, the voices of groups opposing anti-mining objectives are silenced. Overall, the case evinces how indigenous leaders redefine their participation in natural resource governance as well as the tradeoffs required to advance IRG.