Indigenous peacebuilding approaches and clan conflicts in Ethiopia’s Somali region: a case study of Shilabo district

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Shilabo district in the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia has experienced persistent conflicts among clans for decades, leading to loss of life and displacement. Recognizing the effectiveness of the indigenous Somali peacebuilding system, this study examines the drivers of clan disputes in Shilabo and the potential of the Xeer Soomaali approach in promoting peace. Using convenience sampling, we collected quantitative data from 300 respondents and conducted 22 semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that land disputes, political nominations, and access to natural resources are the primary causes of clan conflicts in Shilabo. These results highlight the significance of Xeer Soomaali in the area. Interviews with local authorities emphasize the role of political nominations and resource sharing in perpetuating conflicts, underscoring the need for clan representation and control over resources. The effectiveness of traditional methods, such as Xeer Soomaali depends on proper implementation and government enforcement. This study underscores the importance of addressing land claims, resource sharing, and political nominations as key factors in clan conflicts and advocates for the implementation of the Somali traditional peacebuilding system, with government support, to achieve sustainable peace in the region.