Indigenous fungi with the ability to biodegrade hydrocarbons in diesel-contaminated soil are isolated and selected using a simple methodology

Abstract

Soil contamination by hydrocarbons is a problem that causes severe damage to the environment and public health. Technologies such as bioremediation using native microbial species represent a promising and environmentally friendly alternative for decontamination. This study aimed to isolate indigenous fungi species from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and evaluate their diesel degrading capacity in soils contaminated with crude oil. Seven filamentous fungi were isolated after enrichment cultivation from soils collected from contaminated sites and subjected to growth analysis on diesel nutrient media. Two fungal species were pre-selected and identified by morphological genus analysis and molecular techniques as Trichoderma asperellum and Penicillium pedernalense. The microdilution test showed that T. asperellum presented better fungal growth in high diesel concentrations than P. pedernalense. In addition, T. asperellum was able to degrade 41 and 54% of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content present in soil artificially contaminated with diesel (10 g/kg of soil) in 7 and 14 days of incubation, respectively. In higher diesel concentration (1000 g of diesel/kg of soil) the TPH degradation reached 26%, 45%, and 48%, in 9, 16, and 30 d, respectively. The results demonstrated that the selected species was suitable for diesel degradation. We can also conclude that the isolation and selection process proposed in this work was successful and represents a simple alternative for obtaining native species with hydrocarbon degradation capacity, for use in the bioremediation process in the recovery of contaminated areas in an ecologically acceptable way.