Abstract
Endurance training (ET) has multiple beneficial effects on cardiovascular health (CVH), but there is an evident lack of knowledge on differential effects of various types of ET on indices of CVH in women. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of two different types of ET on changes in indicators of CVH in apparently healthy adult women. The sample included 58 women (24 ± 3 years; height: 165 ± 6 cm, mass: 66.7 ± 7.2 kg, BMI: 24.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2, at baseline) divided into one control non-exercising group (n = 19), and two exercising experimental groups (EE). The first EE participated in choreographed aerobic-endurance training (CAT; n = 19), while the second participated in treadmill-based endurance exercise (TEE; n = 20) during the experimental protocol (8 weeks, 24 training sessions). The testing included pre- and post-exercise protocols and measures of anthropometric/body composition indices, lipid panel, and endurance capacity. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measurements with consecutive post hoc analysis was applied to the “group” and “measurement” variables. The main significant ANOVA effects found for measurement, and “Group x Measurement” interaction (p < 0.05) were found for all variables but body height. The EE induced positive changes in lipid panel variables, anthropometric/body-build status, and endurance capacity. However, TEE improved endurance capacity to a greater extent than CAT. The results suggest that that the optimal exercise intensity and self-chosen type of physical-activity may result in positive effects on indices of CVH, even in women of young age and good health status.
Highlights
Physical activity (PA) has a positive effect on various indices of health status, including the entire locomotor system, and quality of life [1]
Few studies have analysed the effects of physical exercise (PE) on young, healthy women, but our results are generally in agreement with the results reported so far, which indicate positive effects of PE on cardiovascular health status, including lipid panel [41,42,43]
The results of our study indicate a positive influence of endurancebased exercise on reduction in plasma glucose (PG)
Summary
Physical activity (PA) has a positive effect on various indices of health status, including the entire locomotor system, and quality of life [1]. It helps with controlling body weight and has positive effects on psychological status [2]. Studies regularly confirm the positive preventive and therapeutic effects of increased PA on many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and tumour diseases [3,4]. While PA is a broader term and refers to any movement performed with the help of the skeletal muscles during which the energy expenditure exceeds the resting level, PE implies a planned and programmed PA performed with a specific goal [8]
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