Indicators of heart rate variability as a cumulative criterion for assessing the body's adaptive reserves

Abstract

In modern healthcare, the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the main methods that allow determining the state of the main regulatory mechanisms of the body in a relatively short time and without invasive interventions. This method of analysis appeared in the early 60s and has been improved and widely used since then. Through this analysis, it is possible to identify the state of general regulatory mechanisms, neurohumoral mechanisms, as well as the ratio of the sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to identify the general condition of the body and the degree of involvement in the pathological process. In the presented research, this method of analysis was applied to study 2 groups of respondents, who were distributed according to age: group 1 — from 18 to 35 years old; group 2 — from 36 to 59 years. The study did not include persons with chronic pathology. The respondents underwent an electrocardiographic study with further HRV analysis. During the analysis, the calculation of heart rate (HR), standard deviation (SDNN), coefficient of variation (CV), stress index (SI) and indices of activity of the regulatory systems (IARS) was carried out. Also, the HF, LF, and VLF indicators were studied by the method of spectral analysis in order to identify the predominant link of the autonomic nervous system. Significant differences were revealed in the study groups: a tendency to greater activity of the parasympathetic link of regulation; relative energy-deficient state; compensatory distress. In addition, in the course of the comprehensive assessment of the activity of regulatory systems, a prenosological state was revealed in both groups of respondents. The obtained results confirm the relevance of HRV analysis in healthy people in order to identify the degree of depletion of regulatory mechanisms and identify factors that determine the development of a pathological condition.