Abstract
There has been research in animal welfare for many decades, but most has been directed towards assessing and preventing poor welfare. The term good welfare is often used to imply that there are few or no indicators of poor welfare. But good welfare is more than the absence of poor welfare. This chapter reviews some of the research to identify indicators of good welfare, or positive welfare as it is sometimes called. It highlights challenges in this area, like the importance of validating animal-based measures, the necessary link to emotional states in animals, and how good welfare can be seen in an evolutionary context. The indicators of good welfare that are discussed in more detail include play, exploration, grooming, affiliative behavior, synchronization, body posture and facial expressions.
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