Indications for an alternative breaking of symmetry in fracture-induced electromagnetic emissions recorded prior to the 2023 Mw7.8 and Mw7.5 Turkey Earthquakes

Abstract

Several evidence has been reported corroborating the view that the MHz band fracture-induced electromagnetic emissions (FEME), also known as fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation (FEMR), which are detected prior to shallow main earthquakes (EQs) of moment magnitude Mw>5.5 with epicenters on land or near coastline, can be studied in analogy to a Z(2) spin system undergoing a second-order phase transition. Specifically, by analyzing MHz FEME/FEMR time series recorded prior to several earthquakes in the past >20 years, information has been extracted about the organization to critical state, the critical state itself, as well as for the step-by-step development of the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) phenomenon. Using the “method of critical fluctuations” (MCF) and a recently proposed method for the wavelet-based detection of scaling behavior in noisy experimental data, we identified for the first time a different way of breaking the symmetry embedded in the MHz FEME/FEMR time series recorded by the hELlenic Seismo-ElectroMagnetics Network (ELSEM-Net) prior to the devastating (Mw=7.8 and Mw=7.5) EQs that occurred in south-east Turkey on 06/02/2023. Particularly, after the achievement of the critical state, indications were found that, although the underlying system started to break the symmetry according to the second-order phase transition mechanism (through SSB), SSB was not completed. Instead, the system seems to have changed symmetry and presented indications that the break of symmetry was finally achieved according to the first-order phase transition mechanism. Specifically, after the incomplete SSB, it was found to present tricritical behavior, followed by indications of triple degeneration of the order parameter fixed-point. This change of behavior observed in the MHz FEME/FEMR is a puzzling phenomenon for several reasons, which are discussed in detail, whereas suggestions are expressed as a first attempt for the possible explanation of the new findings.