Indications and Outcomes of Tracheostomy: A Descriptive Study Using the Outcome-Based Evaluation Forms of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Department in a Tertiary Hospital (2016-2020)

Abstract

Introduction: Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates a neck opening directly into the trachea, typically performed to establish an alternative airway for individuals who experience difficulty breathing as a result of certain medical conditions. Tracheostomy can be temporary or permanent, and it plays a crucial role in the management of both acute and chronic respiratory issues and can significantly improve the quality of life for those who require it. Objective: This study aims to investigate the incidence, common indications and outcomes of tracheostomy in the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) department of a tertiary hospital in Manila, Philippines. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study including all admissions and in-patient referrals to the clinical division of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery who underwent tracheostomy from January 2016 to December 2020. Data were retrieved by review of medical records and Outcome Based Evaluation (OBE) form of all patients who underwent tracheostomy during the study period. Results: Our study involved 74 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 22:15. The patients' ages ranged from 5 to 89 years. Prolonged intubation was the main reason for tracheostomy, followed by upper airway obstruction due to supraglottic mass for males and vocal cord paralysis for females. Only three patients who had tracheostomy experienced complications and were managed accordingly. Conclusion: Tracheostomy is one of the most valuable and reliable surgical procedures for managing airway obstructions. Proper patient and caregiver education as well as constant follow-up are crucial to prevent complications. Keywords: Airway, Tracheostomy, ORL-HNS, Outcome Based Evaluation form, Head and Neck Surgery