Indication of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Cardiovascular Complications

Abstract

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the prominent causes of mortality in cases of chronic Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and necessitates improving risk categorization. There are few available biomarkers that can assess preceding or current glycemic and cardiac status, but not prognosis. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) has been indicated and reported to be a likely biomarker that can detect cardiovascular complication in patients with T2DM. Methodology Present study details the comparative analysis of several biochemical and metabolic biomarkers including Hcy in T2DM patients with and without CVD complications. A total of eighty patients, n = 40 each in T2DM with CVD and T2DM without CVD, were included in the study. Patient’s preparation, blood sample collection and analyses of all biochemical, metabolic markers including Hcy were performed as per standard protocols. One way ANOVA was used for independent measures including Tukey HSD with level of significance at P< 0.05. Results Indication of hyperhomocysteinemia, was significantly apparent in patients with T2DM who have CVD, as compared to those with T2DM without CVD. All other biochemical and metabolic parameters manifested marked significant (P< 0.00001) elevations, which was more perceptible in T2DM CVD as compared to T2DM non CVD. Clinical relevance of high Hcy in blood in patients with T2DM CVD thus suggested being prominent risk factor for proceeding renal and cardiac complications.