India's Emerging Missile Capability: The Science and Politics of Agni-III

Abstract

In May 2008, India successfully test-fired the 3500 km range surface-to-surface nuclear capable Agni-III missile. In many ways, Agni-III is the centerpiece of India's credible, minimum deterrent nuclear posture. Yet while the successful test-firing of Agni-III goes a long way in enhancing the credibility of India's nuclear posture, it is unlikely to lead to an effective Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) capability for India in the near term, as some have speculated. This article first examines the evolution of the Agni family of missiles as part of India's ambitious IGMDP followed by an explication of the role that India's space program has played in supporting Indian ballistic missile program. Subsequently, the strategic factors that have driven India's pursuit of Agni-III are outlined.