Abstract
The Hindu–Muslim violence that has followed late February’s massacre by local Muslims of Hindu pilgrims passing through Godhra has so far remained largely confined to Gujarat state. Although at least 500 people had died as of early March, the violence has been smaller in scale than that which followed the destruction of the Ayodhya mosque by Hindu-nationalists in 1992. Then, nation-wide carnage left 3,000 dead. Still, the consequences of Godhra may be greater. The violence exposes deep problems within both the ruling coalition government in New Delhi and the Bharatiya Janata Party that leads it. The events have undermined claims that Hindu-nationalist forces no longer pose a challenge to India’s secular, pluralist and democratic order.
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