Abstract

ABSTRACT Building upon a vast literature and Ministry of External Affairs Annual reports, this article argues that India’s foreign actions through its 75 years are not only domestically generated. Analysis of India’s foreign relations must include an assessment of changing global structures and how they affect domestic imperatives. A ‘inside-outside’ perspective, with a focus on India’s ideas and actions, must to be combined with an ‘outside-in’ analysis. Such an outside-in analysis places India’s statecraft in the context of global structures across four phases: 1947-1989, 1999-2000, 2000-2014, and 2014-2021, while also exploring the domestic foundations of changing foreign policy interests.

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