Abstract
<div>The top-down development approach has failed to bring Indonesia in meeting prosperity. Alternatively, a critical approach as offered by Non Governmental Organization (NGO) becomes much more attractive to be adopted. However such approach encounters problematics since each NGO carries its own interest, ideology, and its dependency on donor agencies, normally diametrically collide with another NGO’s ideology, its interest as well as donor-supported interest. This study is to answer the question how deep have donors infleunced to the ideology, interest, and financial independency of local NGOs. The study use qualitative method as approach. The financial arrangement network, action, interest, motives and NGOs’ ideologies are the main focus of this study. Two NGOs are observed, namely Lembaga Kajian untuk Transformasi Sosial (LKTS) and Lembaga Pertanian Sehat (LPS). This study revealed that LKTS and LPS were quite dependent in the financial aspect. LKTS was also dependent in formulating action, while LPS was independent. Some factors affecting the independence of NGOs are: (1) degree of militancy of NGOs’ ideology, (2) financial strength, (3) NGOs’ level of achievements. In the development perspective, NGOs are not necessarily reflecting type of social movement organization which are always strongly based on bottom-up ideology.</div><div> </div>
Highlights
Becomes much more attractive to be adopted
This study revealed that Lembaga Kajian untuk Transformasi Sosial (LKTS) and Lembaga Pertanian Sehat (LPS) were quite dependent in the financial aspect
Non Governmental Organization (NGO) are not necessarily reflecting type of social movement organization which are always strongly based on bottom-up ideology
Summary
Munculnya gerakan sosial masyarakat sipil yang berlangsung di negara berkembang dapat dipandang sebagai alternatif pendekatan perubahan sosial yang dominan (mainstream approach) atau lebih dikenal dengan perubahan sosial yang direkayasa oleh negara melalui apa yang disebut dengan pembangunan (Fakih, 2000). Revolusi Hijau dengan swasembada beras sebagai icon keberhasilan pada era 80-an menjadi bukti bahwa pendekatan top down bukan strategi yang tepat bagi pembangunan di Indonesia. Keberadaan LSM sebagai bagian dari ranah sipil (Civil Sphere) akan berkaitan pengaruh dengan ranah negara (State Sphere) dan ranah pasar (Market Sphere) seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Bebbington dalam Dharmawan (2002). Kondisi ini menarik untuk dicermati, di satu sisi LSM dengan fokus isu kemiskinan berkembang sangat pesat di Indonesia tetapi selama itu tidak terjadi penurunan angka kemiskinan. Salah satu pendekatan untuk memahami masalah ini adalah dengan merujuk hasil penelitian dari Ufford dan Giri (2002) mengenai praktik agen pembangunan alternatif yang tidak memiliki konsistensi dalam memperjuangkan visi dan idealismenya, melainkan hanya menjadi pelaksana kekuatan lain yang lebih besar. Pada titik inilah penulis melihat ada relevansi pembahasan mengenai LSM sebagai elemen agen pembangunan alternatif ditengah idealismenya memperjuangkan kepentingan sipil dan dinamikanya terhadap kepentingan donor
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