INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TRENCH PRODUCTION IN DIFFICULT NATURAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS BASED ON TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS

Abstract

Problem statement. Trench production is a very energy-intensive and costly process. In addition, the preparation of trenches in the winter takes a long time. The article's relevance is because the trenches needed in many industries (construction, agriculture, water management, military affairs) have to be performed in the winter, which significantly increases the cost and time of their production. In military affairs, it is about economic efficiency and the safety of personnel, which is especially important in the event of a threat of full-scale hostilities. Therefore, improving machinery and equipment for the effective development of frozen and firm soils in the execution of trenches is an urgent scientific and technical task today. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the increase of economic efficiency of trench production in difficult natural and climatic conditions based on technical innovations. Results. In winter, soils have much higher mechanical properties, primarily in terms of strength, than other year periods. This leads to an increase in energy intensity and the cost of soil development by earthmoving equipment. In most cases, these machines are not able to develop frozen soils. Therefore, before using them, they perform preparatory work on loosening frozen soils. From the calculations given in the article, we can conclude that using only excavator equipment in the winter is economically impractical. That is why it was proposed to introduce an advanced cultivator with two teeth at an angle to develop frozen soil. Compared with traditional equipment, this type of equipment reduces 2,8–3,0 times unproductively loose soil, and secondly, depending on the class, increases productivity by 1,8–9,5 times. Scientific novelty and practical significance. For the first time, the feasibility of using a tusk with sloping teeth to develop frozen and strong soils reduces the cost of trenching at least 2 times while significantly increasing the speed of work, which is extremely important for maintaining personnel in military conditions. To demonstrate the efficiency of cultivators more clearly, efficiency coefficients of equipment were introduced, which showed the economic feasibility of introducing a cultivator with two teeth at an angle to the development of frozen soils in comparison, both for military and civilian purposes.