Increasing the efficiency of the catalytic converter

Abstract

The article deals with the efficiency of the catalytic converter of automobiles in operation with the aim of solving the problem of reducing the pollution of the atmospheric air by the exhaust gases of automobiles. The problem of reducing emissions of harmful substances of vehicles is considered to be one of the main. The article presents calculations of the efficiency of the neutralizer at various operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, and factors influencing the process of oxidation-reduction reactions are determined. It is shown that a small amount of oxygen (О2) to the neutralizer limits the oxidation processes and does not give a good reduction efficiency for CO and CH. At an О2 concentration of 1.7 to 0.75% up to the neutralizer, the efficiency of the oxidation reactions in the neutralizer is maximal. The main requirements for the process of catalyzing harmful emissions and the disadvantages of modern neutralizers are considered. The main contribution to emissions of CO and CH is made by the modes of starting and warming up of engine. This is especially felt in the cycle of "cold tests" of the automobile under the UN Rules No. 83-06. Emissions of hydrocarbons increase proportionally with a decrease in engine temperature. In this regard, new types of neutralizers are provided to ensure the achievement of catalytic reactor activity at a lower temperature than those currently used on automobiles, as well as on-board vehicle diagnostic systems that support the environmental characteristics of vehicles in operation. The reasons for the "aging" of the neutralizer during its operation, the methods for diagnosing the neutralizer for the purpose of assessing its technical condition and on-board monitoring systems are analyzed. The urgency of the task of improving the design of the automobile in terms of limiting toxicity and the system of technical control in operation was noted. Improvement of the environmental control of vehicles is primarily related to the operability of on-board diagnostic systems of the car in operation and the catalytic neutralization system. The normative base of the Russian Federation and the EU in the field of environmental control of motor vehicles in operation is given.