Increasing the Bio Gas Release During the Cattle Manure Fermentation by Means the Rational Addition of Substandard Flour as a Cosubstrate

It was shown that the concentration of heavy metal ions Fe3+, Cu2+, Cr3+ and Zn2+, which are contained in the fermentation medium, affects the process of biogas production. The aim of this paper was to establish the concentration of ions, which makes it possible to increase the yield of biogas and the methane content in it. The total yield of biogas per unit of dry organic matter, methane and the kinetics of changes in the yield of biogas during fermentation of cattle manure in the presence of different concentrations of metal ions in the anaerobic environment. It was established that the content of Fe3+, Cu2+ is up to 80 mg/dm3, Cr3+ and Zn2+ is up to 50 mg/dm3 in the medium lead to increased methane production by anaerobic association of microorganisms due to the effect on the activity of enzyme systems in comparison with the sample without the addition of metal ions. It was found that the rational concentrations to increase the methane yield in the biogas obtained by fermentation of cattle manure are: Fe3+-20 - 40 mg/dm3, Cu2+-40 - 60 mg/dm3, Cr3+-10 mg/dm3. The increase in the concentration of metal ions above rational values leads to a decrease in the methane content in biogas. It was shown that zinc ions have a positive effect on methane production, but reduce the total biogas yield and, accordingly, the degree of conversion of organic raw materials. Therefore, the rational concentration of Zn2+ in the fermentation medium is 10 mg/dm3.

Biohydrogen production from cattle manure and its mixtures with renewable feedstock by hyperthermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor bescii

Three kinetic models were evaluated in this study for suitability in describing anaerobic hydrolysis of particulate wastes. The three models evaluated were: first-order reaction in particulate substrate concentration, second-order reaction in acidogenic biomass and particulate substrate concentrations, and a two-parameter, surface-limiting reaction model. Process models incorporating the three hydrolysis reaction models were developed to describe the hydrolysis-acidogenesis phase in the fermentation of cattle manure. Batch reactors were run with cattle manure as the substrate under five different conditions to calibrate and validate the process models. The two-parameter, surface-limiting reaction model and the single-parameter, second-order reaction model were found to fit the experimental results better than the simple first-order reaction model with r 2 values of 0.914, 0.913, and 0.881, respectively.

The analysis of the economic efficiency of biogas production is carried out. It has been established that the economic efficiency of biogas plants operating on livestock waste currently operating in our country is very low. None of them have a satisfactory return on investment (at least ten years with a useful life of twenty years). Biogas yield during cattle manure fermentation is insignificant and according to the results of our research averages 0,7 l/h·kg dry organic matter, which does not allow us to quickly pay off investment, even taking into account the "green" tariff for electricity produced from biogas. By adding a small amount of cosubstrate to the substrate based on cattle manure, the biogas yield, according to our studies, increases to 1,4 l/h·kg dry organic matter and above. A study of the efficiency of biogas production in agricultural enterprises was carried out on the example of a model farm with a herd of 1000 head of cattle (500 head of dairy cows and 500 head of young and heifers). The dependence of specific capital costs for the construction of a biogas complex on its capacity has been established. Since agricultural enterprises have limited access to cheap, high-performance cosubstrates, which can significantly increase biogas output when cattle manure is fermented, it is advisable to introduce processing industries, for example, processing milk into dairy products and producing starch from potatoes, which are grown here. The waste from these processing plants is able to fully provide the biogas plant with high-performance cosubstrates, which will make it possible to obtain a payback period of the biogas plant at the level of 6,4 years.

Anaerobic digestate from cattle manure fermentation may pose a threat to the environment. How to stabilize the digestate’s characteristics so that they do not disturb the bio-system is a critical issue for digestate management. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) was investigated as a pretreatment option for digestate treatment. The performance of CEPT for digestate management was carried out under rapid mixing (200 r/min) and slow stirring (40 r/min), respectively. The optimal dosage of ferric chloride (FeCl3) was 40 mg/L. The combination of FeCl3 and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) had no obvious influence on TP removal, while COD removal efficiency was improved by 15.4%. The digestate pH and temperature remained stable for CEPT application and required no adjustment. The results indicate that CEPT was effective and feasible in enhancing the removal of COD and TP for digestate pretreatment by using FeCl3 and APAM.

Increasing the Bio Gas Release During the Cattle Manure Fermentation by Means the Rational Addition of Substandard Flour as a Cosubstrate

Although high lignocellulose content decreases acidification rate of anaerobic fermentation of cattle manure,acidification phase is critical in anaerobic fermentation of cattle manure.Cattle manure acidification conditions were investigated with the aim of optimizing methane production in a two-phased anaerobic process of cattle manure.The effects of acidification time,stirring frequency,feed solution concentration and urea addition for cattle manure methane production were studied in a two-phased anaerobic fermentation at 35 ℃.Single factor experiments showed that 96 h of acidification,3 times in every 24 h(60 r?min?1,1 min?time?1) of stirring frequency,8.0% feed solution concentration and 1.28 g?L?1 urea addition were the optimum conditions.Based on single factor experiments,a series of central composite design experiments were conducted for optimum synthesis.Response surface methodology(RSM) with central composite design(CCD) was used to explore optimum conditions for methane production.The effects of three variables(acidification time,feed solution concentration and urea addition) were subsequently appraised.A regression model for methane production under the acidification conditions was established for analysis of interactions and significance in accordance with central composite design.Results showed that methane production was greatly influenced by feed solution concentration,urea addition and acidification time under at 35 ℃ and 3 times per every 24 h(60 r?min?1,1 min?time?1) stirring frequency.The optimum acidification conditions occurred at the acidification time of 93.7 h,feed solution concentration of 8.3% and urea addition of 1.26 g?L?1.Under the optimum condition,methane content and total production increase by 14.3% and 44.7%.Also the removal rates of volatile solid(VS) and chemical oxygen demand(COD) increased by 41.8% and 33.9%,respectively.However,the contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were not affected by cattle manure acidification.The findings indicated that cattle manure acidification improved methane production,methane content,and VS and COD removal rates.

The aim of the work is to increase biogas output and generation of electricity in biogas plants due to the joint fermentation of cattle manure with winemaking waste. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the biogas yield from cattle manure with winemaking waste was determined during periodic loading of the digester; on the basis of the obtained experimental data, a mathematical model was calibrated to estimate the biogas yield during fermentation of cattle manure with the addition of winemaking waste. As a result of the studies, it was found that when manure is fermented with part of the water replaced in the substrate 2% of the winemaking waste, the fermentation dynamics in the substrate are similar to the fermentation of pure cattle manure. Biogas obtained by fermentation of manure with the addition of 2%, 6.5% and 13% of wastewater from wine production instead of water in the first day of fermentation either did not burn at all or burned poorly. The addition of winemaking waste to a substrate based on manure in an amount of 13% allows increasing the maximum biogas yield by a third to 1,372 l/(hr×kg dry organic matter). The significance of the research results lies in the fact that the use of winemaking waste as a substrate will allow a third increase in biogas output and power generation, and a reduction in the payback period of a 4,4 MW biogas plant using the green tariff to 6,5 years.

H2 is a central metabolite and a regulator in the methanogene microbial community (1). The example of methane fermentation of cattle manure allowed us to demonstrate that hydrogen concentration in the gas phase under the balanced community activities does not exceed threshold levels for H2-utilizing methanogenic bacteria: 10 ppm for mesophillous and 40–60 ppm for thermophillous ones (2). There was suggested the possibility of applying hydrogen concentration as a control parameter (3).The aim of the work was to examine the impact of some physico-chemical factors on the change of hydrogen concentration in the produced biogas under the thermophilic cattle manure fermentation. The experiments were conducted under the conditions of periodical cultivation. Hydrogen and methane concentrations in the gas phase were determined on the chromatograph with a solid electrolytic cell (4).

The urgency of the study is due to the need to increase the productivity of biogas plants by intensifying the process of methane fermentation of cattle manure in mesophilic mode by adding to it the waste from biodiesel production: crude glycerine. To substantiate the rational amount of crude glycerine in the substrate, the following tasks were performed: determination of dry matter, dry organic matter, and moisture of the substrate from cattle manure with the addition of crude glycerine; conducting experimental studies on biogas yield during fermentation of cattle manure with the addition of crude glycerine with periodic loading of the substrate; and development of a biogas yield model and determination of the rational composition of crude glycerine with its gradual loading into biogas plants with cattle manure. The article presents the results of research on fermentation of substrates in a laboratory biogas plant with a useful volume of 30 L, which fermented different proportions of crude glycerine with cattle manure at a temperature of 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C. The scientific novelty of the work is to determine the patterns of intensification of the process of methane fermentation of cattle manure with the addition of different portions of crude glycerine. A rapid increase in biogas yield is observed when the glycerol content is up to 0.75%. With the addition of more glycerine, the growth of biogas yield slows down. The digester of the biogas plant, where experimental studies were conducted on the fermentation of substrates based on cattle manure with the addition of co-substrates, is suitable for periodic loading of the substrate. As a rule, existing biogas plants use a gradual mode of loading the digester. Conducting experimental studies on biogas yield during fermentation of cattle manure with the addition of crude glycerine with periodic loading of the substrate makes it possible to build a mathematical model of biogas yield and determine the rational composition (up to 0.75%) of crude glycerine with its gradual loading in biogas plants. Adding 0.75% of crude glycerine to the substrate at a fermentation temperature of 30 °C allows to increase the biogas yield by 2.5 times and proportionally increase the production of heat and electricity. The practical application of this knowledge allows the design of an appropriate capacity of the biogas storage tank (gasholder).

Anaerobic co-digestion strategies are needed to enhance biogas production when treating certain residues such as cattle/pig manure. Co-digestion of food waste with animal manure or other feedstocks with low carbon content can improve process stability and methane production. In this study, anaerobic digestion and co-digestion of cattle manure with organic kitchen waste using rumen fluid as inoculums have been experimentally tested to determine the biogas potential. Co-digestion substantially increased the biogas yields by 24 to 47% over the control (organic kitchen waste and dairy manure only). The highest methane yield of 14,653.5 ml/g-VS was obtained with 75% organic kitchen waste (OKW) and 25% cattle manure (CM) additions. In contrast, addition of 75% cattle manure caused inhibition of the anaerobic digestion process, and its cumulative methane yield was 23% lower than that with 25% cattle manure addition. Key words: Cattle manure, co-digestion, methane, organic kitchen waste, rumen fluid.

With kitchen residues and cattle manure as raw materials, in temperature (36±1°C) adopt the way of the batch type fermented for kitchen residues and cattle manure, we will have a comparative research between independent anaerobic fermentation and mixed anaerobic fermentation. The results of the experiments show that the gas production and COD removal rate by the anaerobic fermentation of cattle manure independent would be superior to kitchen residues, the optimal effect is the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen residues mixed with cattle manure in all aspects .In this experiment all the kitchen residues are rice, vegetables, meat, eggs and other food all that have been after cooked, containing a large number of fat and salt, such condition is not suitable for the growth of microorganism. The time of gas production is only nine days and gas production rate is extremely low, only 1500ml accumulative gas production, But cattle manure’s accumulative gas production is 3028ml, COD removal rate was 21%, COD removal rate by mixed anaerobic fermentation of kitchen residues and cattle manure can achieve 60.92%.

Cow manure is a good substrate for producing biogas, since it already contains methanogens. Almost its only drawback is the low productivity of biogas output. The disadvantage of cattle manure is its low biogas yield, to increase which it is proposed to add granulated straw with the addition of crude glycerin. The aim of the work is to increase the biogas yield by adding straw granules containing crude glycerin to the main substrate based on cattle manure. To achieve this goal, the following tasks need to be solved: to determine the biogas and methane yield during methane mono-fermentation of cattle manure and combined methane fermentation of cattle manure with straw granules containing crude glycerin; using a mathematical model, to predict the cumulative biogas and methane yield during methane mono-fermentation of cattle manure and combined methane fermentation of cattle manure with straw granules containing crude glycerin. The novelty of the chosen topic is that for the combined methane fermentation of cattle manure and straw pellets with crude glycerin, the cumulative yield of biogas and methane was determined, which for 30 days is 293.7 l/kg of dry organic matter (DOM) and 143.5 l/kg of DOM, respectively. The significance of the results is that the results of the research can be used in industrial biogas plants in a quasi-continuous loading mode. In this case, the predicted methane yield will be 0.449 l/h⋅kg of DOM, which is higher than with mono-fermentation of cow manure, which is 0.365 l/h⋅kg of DOM.

Anaerobic digestion is a biological method used to convert organic wastes into biogas and a stable product land application without adverse environmental effects. The biogas produced could be used for heating, cooking and electricity generation while the residue Horn the process is a high quality fertilizer. Some of the organic wastes used for biogas production include cattle manure, pig manure, chicken dung, corn silage, fresh grass etc. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of inoculums on biogas yield. The substrate used is cattle manure and the inoculum used is rumen fluid. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the cow manure was determined to be 9200mg/h. A 750ml biodigester was used and water displacement method was used to monitor the amount of biogas produced. 100g of fresh cattle manure (M) was fed to each biodigester and mixed with rumen fluid (R) and tap water (W) in several ratio resulting five difference M:W:R ratio i.e. 1:1:0, 1:0:75, 0:25:1, 0:5:0, 5: 1:0, 25:0:75 and 1:0:1 corresponding to 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50% rumen respectively. The operating temperature was at room temperature. The results showed that biogas production increase with increased in the amount of inoculums.

Methane emission factors from cattle manure in Mexico