Abstract
To estimate the gastroschisis seasonality and trend of prevalence in recent years, stratified by maternal age and geographical clusters of São Paulo state, a population–based study was designed. We used data from the Live Births Information System (SINASC) in São Paulo state, Brazil, from 2005 to 2016. Trends of prevalence were evaluated for the specific subgroups using the Prais–Winsten regression model, and the Durbin–Watson test was used, to estimate the regression coefficient, the annual percent change (APC), and 95% confidence interval (CI). We observed 1576 cases of gastroschisis among 7,317,657 live births (LB), a prevalence of 2.154 (95% CI: 2.047–2.260) per 10,000 LB which included, 50.6% males, 67.4% Caucasians, 53.4% preterm births, and 80.9% caesarean births. The prevalence of gastroschisis significantly increased by 2.6% (95% CI: 0.0–5.2) per year, and this trend was higher in mothers aged 30–34 years (APC: 10.2, 95% CI: 1.4–19.4) than in mothers of other age groups. Between 2011 and 2016, we identified the existence of seasonality based on the date of conception in the middle months of the year (p = 0.002). This is the first and largest population–based study summarizing current epidemiology and identifying trend of prevalence of gastroschisis in São Paulo state.
Highlights
Gastroschisis is the most common, abdominal wall defect in which paraumbilical herniation of gastrointestinal structures occurs into the amniotic cavity where it is not covered by any membrane[1,2,3], some authors consider it as an umbilical ring defect[4]
From 2005–2016, 1576 gastroschisis cases were reported among 7,317,657 live births (LB) in São Paulo which included 50.6% males, 67.4% Caucasians, 53.4% preterm births (
The rate of gastroschisis in São Paulo had increased from 1.75 cases per 10,000 LB in 2005 to 2.23 cases per 10,000 LB in 2016
Summary
Gastroschisis is the most common, abdominal wall defect in which paraumbilical herniation of gastrointestinal structures occurs into the amniotic cavity where it is not covered by any membrane[1,2,3], some authors consider it as an umbilical ring defect[4]. While risk factors for gastroschisis have been implicated, including maternal factors, dietary factors, and chemical exposures[6,7,8], its etiology is still unknown. The prevalence of this defect has increased in recent decades[6,9,10,11,12]. The aim of this study is to identify trends in prevalence, seasonality and risk factors of gastroschisis using São Paulo state population database
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