Increasing of fuel cell economic benefits by optimal participation strategy with energy storages and other distributed resources and considering uncertainties and various markets

Abstract

The Participation of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as Fuel Cell (FC) in Daily Market is one of the main Problems of these resources. Uncertain nature of market price and power system parameters can be affected to economic performance of DERs and is caused deviation penalties during market settlements. This article introduces an optimal combined sharing strategy of fuel cell/wind turbine/battery storage unit and demand response as microgrid to improve all of them profit in market participation. In order to adjust of contracted power and reduce the imbalanced energy, the Adjusted Market (AM) is considered 3–7 h before the delivered time, which the offered power could be updated in this time. Uncertainty of markets and DERs generations is considered using an optimal stochastic optimization approach. The probabilistic scenarios are generated using forecast error database in daily, adjusted and imbalance market as production of DERs. Uncertain variables are predicted by a neuro-fuzzy model. Finally, to demonstrate of the proposed joint model strategy, a test system contain fuel cell/wind turbine/battery storage unit and demand response is considered and the results is calculated during one week, month, and year period in joint and separated conditions.