Abstract
Elections are at the heart of democracy, and elections that are free and fair provide legitimacy and credibility that helps build confidence in the electoral process and that strengthens democracy. This chapter analyzes five different processes and tools that can impact electoral integrity: election observation, civic education initiatives, biometric voting technology, audits, and social media. Our analysis indicates these tools do have the potential to boost confidence in elections, yet there are important caveats. The processes and tools must be selected carefully based on the electoral environment and goals, they must be adequately resourced, and they must have appropriate oversight and monitoring to ensure they are actually accomplishing what they set out to do. In addition, there are challenges that must be overcome in order to prevent these processes and tools from being used with malfeasance, thereby effectively weakening confidence in elections.
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