Abstract
To clarify the effects of high (20 and 40% more than normal) and low (20% less than normal) daily feed allowance on egg and body parameters, ovarian morphology and plasma glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, leptin-like hormone, nitrite/nitrate and gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the granulosa layer of F1 follicle, broiler breeder hens (30-week-old) were fed for 30 days. Egg and body parameters significantly changed between treatments (p<0.05). Effect of different level of feed intake on ovarian morphology parameters was significant (p<0.05), except for white follicles. After 30 days of experiment, plasma nitrite/nitrate (as a index of plasma nitric oxide) and leptin-like hormone increased in FI+20% and FI+40% groups as compared to controls (p<0.05). Plasma level of leptin-like hormone also significantly (p<0.05) increased in FI+40% group. The relative amount of iNOS mRNA expression in the granulosa layer of F1 follicles was significantly higher in FI-20% and FI+40% groups than in control group only after 4 weeks of experiment. The amount of these elevations in the FI-20% and FI+40% groups were 32.4% and 60.9% respectively. It was concluded that iNOS gene is normally expressed in follicular granulosa cells of F1 follicle of broiler breeder hens 2-4 hours before ovulation. However, over- and underfeeding of hens increased iNOS expression in F1 follicle, which may be one of the atresia-inducing factors in hierarchical follicles as shown by the significant (p<0.05) increase of shrunken follicles in the ovary of over- and under-fed broiler breeder hens after 30 days of feeding.
Highlights
Broiler breeder hens are prone to several metabolic disorders and reproductive anomalies, including a high incidence of skeletal deformities and metabolic diseases, such as fatty liver (Griffin & Goddard 1994)
To clarify the effects of high (20 and 40% more than normal) and low (20% less than normal) daily feed allowance on egg and body parameters, ovarian morphology and plasma glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, leptin-like hormone, nitrite/nitrate and gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the granulosa layer of F1 follicle, broiler breeder hens (30-week-old) were fed for 30 days
It was concluded that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene is normally expressed in follicular granulosa cells of F1 follicle of broiler breeder hens 2-4 hours before ovulation
Summary
Broiler breeder hens are prone to several metabolic disorders and reproductive anomalies, including a high incidence of skeletal deformities and metabolic diseases, such as fatty liver (Griffin & Goddard 1994). The capacity of rapid early growth coupled with free access to feed leads to enhanced adult fatness (Hocking et al, 2002) and poor reproductive performance (Heck et al, 2004; Renema & Robinson 2004). These undesirable outcomes appear to arise from increases in feed intake that occurred concomitantly with genetic selection for rapid early growth (Barbato 1994; Renema & Robinson 2004). A large body of evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO), either delivered by NO
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