Abstract
Background There is a strong association between chronic ischemia and autonomic imbalance. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may restore autonomic balance in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), which is characterized by increased heart rate variability (HRV). Anxiety is often found in patients who are going to undergo invasive procedures and has been identified to induce autonomic imbalance. The aim of our study is to identify the impact of preprocedural anxiety on increased HRV following an elective PCI. Methods Our study was a pretest and post-test correlation study involving 44 SCAD patients who underwent elective PCI at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital. The HRV was measured before and after PCI. Anxiety symptoms were evaluated using Hospital Anxiety Depression Score (HADS) questionnaires. Results We found a higher increase on HRV parameter following the PCI of subjects in the nonanxiety group compared with the anxiety group (median = 9.11 vs. 2.83; U = 154.00; p=0.043). Conclusions Preprocedural anxiety may inhibit HRV increase following PCI procedure.
Highlights
Autonomic dysfunction may precipitate several cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and even sudden cardiac death [1, 2]
Previous studies by Gomes et al [3]; Abrootan et al [4]; and Aydinlar et al [5] revealed that restoring myocardial perfusion using percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may improve autonomic balance, which is characterized by increased heart rate variability (HRV)
Anxiety may induce sympathetic hyperactivity as characterized by reduced HRV. e aim of our study was to analyze the impact of preprocedural anxiety on HRV increase following PCI
Summary
Autonomic dysfunction may precipitate several cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and even sudden cardiac death [1, 2]. Autonomic activity can be assessed using a noninvasive method by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). Reduced HRV is associated with decreased cardiac flexibility and resistance to stress, which increase the risks of cardiac events. Previous studies by Gomes et al [3]; Abrootan et al [4]; and Aydinlar et al [5] revealed that restoring myocardial perfusion using percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may improve autonomic balance, which is characterized by increased HRV. Preprocedural anxiety is common in patients undergoing any invasive medical procedures, including PCI. Study showed that pre-PCI anxiety was detected in almost 70% of patients who underwent the procedure [6]. E aim of our study was to analyze the impact of preprocedural anxiety on HRV increase following PCI Anxiety may induce sympathetic hyperactivity as characterized by reduced HRV. e aim of our study was to analyze the impact of preprocedural anxiety on HRV increase following PCI
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