Abstract
Recent publications showed that metal nanoparticles which are made from TiO2, CeO2, Al2O3, CuCl2, AgNO3 and ZnO2 induced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory effects in cultured cells and the responses seemed to be common toxic pathway of metal nanoparticles to the ultimate toxicity in animals as well as cellular level. In this study, we compared the gene expression induced by two different types of metal oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP) and cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CNP) using microarray analysis. About 50 genes including interleukin 6, interleukin 1, platelet-derived growth factor β, and leukemia inhibitory factor were induced in cultured BEAS-2B cells treated with TNP 40 ppm. When we compared the induction levels of genes in TNP-treated cells to those in CNP-treated cells, the induction levels were very correlated in various gene categories (r = 0.645). This may suggest a possible common toxic mechanism of metal oxide nanoparticles.
Highlights
Recent publications showed that metal nanoparticies which are made from Ti02, Ce02, A120 3, CuCI2, AgN03 and Zn02 induced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory effects in cultured cells and the responses seemed to be common toxic pathway of metal nanoparticies to the ultimate toxicity in animals as weil as cellular level
We compared the gene expression induced by two different types of metal oxide nanoparticies, titanium dioxide nanoparticies (TNP) and cerium dioxide nanoparticies (CNP) using microarray analysis
The focus of the present study is to evaluate and compare the gene expressions increased in TNP- and CNP-treated cells, which may suggest that metal nanoparticles may have a common pathway to exert toxicological responses
Summary
Cells were treated with CNP and TNP for 24 hours (5, 10,20,40 ppm). For the preparation of total RNA, cells were treated for 4 hours with titania and ceria of 40 ppm, respectively, and the RNAgent Total RNA Isolation System (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) was used according to the manufacturer's instructions. Digoxigenin-11-UTP labeled cRNA was generated and linearly amplified from 1 fl of total RNA purified from control and nanopartieIes exposure group, respectively, using Applied Biosystems Chemiluminescent RT-IVT Labeling Kit. Array hybridization, chemiluminescence detection, image acquisition and analysis were performed using Applied Biosystems Chemiluminescence Detection Kit and Applied Biosystems 1700 Chemiluminescent Microarray Analyzer following manufacturer's protocol. After washing and blocking with assay diluent, the supernatant of cell and standards were added to each weil and the plates were maintained for 2 hours at room temperature (RT). The amounts of cytokines were calculated from the linear portion of the standard curve
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