Increased efficiency in pn-junction PbS QD solar cells via NaHS treatment of the p-type layer

Abstract

Lead sulfide quantum dot (PbS QD) solar cell efficiencies have improved rapidly over the past years due in large part to intelligent band alignment considerations. A pn-junction can be formed by connecting PbS layers with contrasting ligands. However, the resulting doping concentrations are typically low and cannot be effectively controlled. Here, we present a method of chemically p-doping films of thiol capped PbS QDs. P-n junction solar cells with increased doping in the p-type layer show improved short circuit current and fill factor, leading to an improvement in the power conversion efficiency from 7.1% to 7.6%. By examining Schottky diodes, field effect transistors, and the absorption spectra of treated and untreated PbS QDs, we show that the improved efficiency is due to the increased doping concentration in the thiol capped QD layer and to denser packing of the PbS QD film.