Increase in plant productivity and soil fertility based on monitoring studies in the system of test polygons

Аndrey Komarov,Peter Lekomtsev,N.A Shyurova,O.V Tkachenko

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20224302010

Аndrey Komarov, Peter Lekomtsev + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224302010

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Abstract

The work presents the formation of a system for assessing soil fertility and plant development using test monitoring polygons. Monitoring polygons became the basis for the introduction of modern technologies to increase plant productivity and soil fertility. The monitoring sites were located in the main agro-climatic regions of the Leningrad Region on soil types typical for the respective region. Analysis of the dynamics of the main parameters of soil fertility in test plots shows a tendency towards a decrease in the content of mobile forms of potassium and acidification of soils, as well as other signs of degradation. A decrease in soil fertility is associated with a decrease in the proportion of applied fertilizers and a decrease in soil liming. This process develops on all types of soils, with the exception of those areas that are located in suburban farms. The data for the test sites are consistent with the overall results of the agrochemical surveys. For industrial practice, test sites and information collected on them can serve as “information keys” for decoding space and aerial photographs in order to assess the state of agroecosystems, monitor changes in soil fertility and plant development. On the example of the cultivation of spring wheat, the way of precision assessment of the management of the productivity of cultivated crops and the increase of soil fertility is shown. The mechanism for the implementation of the plant productivity management system was carried out with the introduction of elements of precision farming.

Highlights

The reduction of the stations of research institutes and base stations of the VIR, which occurred after the collapse of the USSR, led to a significant decrease in the geographical areas, species and varietal diversity of the studied and cultivated crops, a decrease in the intensification of agriculture and, to a decrease in soil fertility
The trend line for potassium content in soil is well described by a simple linear function with a high level of confidence (R2 = 0.94)
The complex nature of the observations consists in the simultaneous monitoring of the state of agricultural land, the type and intensity of their use, soil fertility, the size and quality of the crop, the amount and quality of precipitation, the quality of ground and waters

Summary

Introduction

The reduction of the stations of research institutes and base stations of the VIR, which occurred after the collapse of the USSR, led to a significant decrease in the geographical areas, species and varietal diversity of the studied and cultivated crops, a decrease in the intensification of agriculture and, to a decrease in soil fertility With such a significant loss of quantitative indicators, is it possible to preserve scientific potential, develop breeding and genetic programs and replenish seed resources?. Further theoretical substantiation of the formation of a methodology for the design of new farming systems on a landscape basis is needed, including the introduction of new elements of intensification of production based on precision farming [1,2] This requires: to develop a system of agroecological zoning of the territory of Russia; to develop new fundamental and applied developments on the formation of farming and crop production systems, to develop a system for monitoring the state of agricultural land, monitoring natural plant resources

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