Abstract
In our study, the structural and morphological applications of hydroxyapatite and chitosan nanoparticles and coated micro-implants were assessed for their ability to combat oral pathogenic bacteria. The hydroxyapatite, as well as chitosan nanoparticles, were synthesized from the Salvadora persica plant. The crystal morphology, phase composition, particle size, and surface functional groups of the nano-samples were analyzed via classical examinations and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The prepared nanoparticles have been examined for antibacterial activity against four common oral bacterial strains. The antimicrobial effect was also assessed by the Live/Dead BacLight technique in combination with confocal scanning laser microscopy. Titanium micro-implants were coated with regular hydroxyapatite (HAP) and chitosan nanoparticles, and the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The analysis asserted elemental composition of the prepared nanoparticles and their textural features, metal crystallization, and functional bonds. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against oral pathogenic microorganisms by the disc diffusion method, minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Chitosan nanoparticles showed (MICs) of 8 μg mL−1 for (Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis), and 16 μg mL−1 for Streptococcus sanguinis. HAP nanoparticles showed (MICs) of 16 μg/mL for E. faecalis, and S. sanguis, 8 μg/mL for S. salivarius and finally 4 μg/mL for S. mutans. HAP nanoparticles showed enhanced antibacterial activity and more obvious damage in the bacterial cell membrane than that of synthesized chitosan nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles could successfully coat titanium microplates to enhance their efficiency.
Highlights
Four groups of titanium micro-implants were prepared from (A–D) and coated with HAP and chitosan nanoparticles, and the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The first group (A) represented non treated titanium microimplants surface, the second group (B) were micro-implants Ti- surface coated with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles at different magnifications, and the third group (C)
The morphology of chitosan nanoparticles powder was determined in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) chamber at the acceleration voltage of 20 KV
SEM analysis recorded that the size of the chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) ranges from 70 to Morphologically, in our result, the prepared CSNPs were agglomerated with small spheres with porous structures, and this result agreed with Zhao et al, 2021 [36]
Summary
The prepared nanoparticles have been examined for antibacterial activity against four common oral bacterial strains. Titanium micro-implants were coated with regular hydroxyapatite (HAP) and chitosan nanoparticles, and the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against oral pathogenic microorganisms by the disc diffusion method, minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). HAP nanoparticles showed enhanced antibacterial activity and more obvious damage in the bacterial cell membrane than that of synthesized chitosan nanoparticles. Aqueous extracts of Salvadora persica have been investigated as antibacterial, anti-caries, and anti-fungals that have been confirmed for oral hygiene [7]. They contain several beneficial chemical constituents such as chloride (Cl− ), fluoride (F− ), sulfur, flavonoids, and resins [8]
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