Abstract

(1) Background: The amino acid arginine is now receiving great attention due to its potential anti-caries benefits. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and antimicrobial potential (CFU) of two arginine-containing orthodontic resin cements. (2) Methods: Forty bovine incisors were separated into four groups (n = 10): Orthocem, Orthocem + arginine (2.5 wt%), Transbond XT, and Transbond XT + arginine (2.5 wt%). The brackets were fixed to the flat surface of the enamel, and after 24 h the SBS was evaluated using the universal testing machine (Instron). For the UTS test, hourglass samples (n = 10) were made and tested in a mini-testing machine (OM-100, Odeme). For the antibacterial test (colony forming unit-CFU), six cement discs from each group were made and exposed to Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilm for 7 days. The microbiological experiment was performed by serial and triplicate dilutions. The data from each test were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). (3) Results: The enamel SBS mean values of Transbond XT were statistically higher than those of Orthocem, both with and without arginine (p = 0.02033). There was no significant difference in the SBS mean values between the orthodontic resin cements, either with or without arginine (p = 0.29869). The UTS of the Transbond XT was statistically higher than the Orthocem, but the addition of arginine at 2.5 wt% did not influence the UTS for either resin cement. The Orthocem + arginine orthodontic resin cement was able to significantly reduce S. mutans growth, but no difference was observed for the Transbond XT (p = 0.03439). (4) Conclusion: The incorporation of arginine to commercial orthodontic resin cements may be an efficient preventive strategy to reduce bacterial growth without compromising their adhesive and mechanical properties.

Highlights

  • Dental malocclusions are still prevalent in the world’s population, and one of the recommended treatments relies on the bonding of orthodontic brackets to enamel to correct tooth positioning [1,2,3,4]

  • The drawback with this fixing orthodontic strategy, is that it favors biofilm accumulation, and limits oral self-cleaning mechanisms and the patient’s ability for effective removal. This protected microbiota increases its activity and acid production, leading to the demineralization of the enamel structure around the brackets, which conduces to the first clinical sign of tooth decay (i.e., the white spot lesion (WSL) [5,6]), and it is considered a common adverse effect in fixed orthodontic treatment [7]

  • The two-way ANOVA showed an interaction between the factors “resin cement” × “arginine” (p = 0.02033)

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Summary

Introduction

Dental malocclusions are still prevalent in the world’s population, and one of the recommended treatments relies on the bonding of orthodontic brackets to enamel to correct tooth positioning [1,2,3,4] The drawback with this fixing orthodontic strategy, is that it favors biofilm accumulation, and limits oral self-cleaning mechanisms and the patient’s ability for effective removal. This protected microbiota increases its activity and acid production, leading to the demineralization of the enamel structure around the brackets, which conduces to the first clinical sign of tooth decay (i.e., the white spot lesion (WSL) [5,6]), and it is considered a common adverse effect in fixed orthodontic treatment [7]. New strategies for the control of WSL associated with orthodontic treatment are highly desired

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