Abstract
In present-day air shower experiments several techniques are used to determine shower properties, e.g. the electromagnetic, muonic, and hadronic components as well as the Cerenkov and fluorescence light are investigated. The all particle spectrum of cosmic rays and the mean logarithmic mass have been derived. Most all-particle energy spectra are compatible with extrapolations of the energy spectra of individual elements, measured directly at the top of the atmosphere. An investigation of the mean logarithmic mass derived from EAS observables yields systematic differences between experiments measuring the lateral EAS development on one side and experiments investigating the longitudinal EAS development on the other hand. The inconsistencies can be reconciled by reducing the logarithmic increase of the total inelastic hadronic cross sections as function of energy.
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