Abstract
BackgroundThis study is aimed to assess the incidence of advanced opportunistic infections (OIs) and its predictors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected children at Debre Tabor referral Hospital and University of Gondar Compressive specialized Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. MethodsA retrospective follow-up study was conducted from June 1, 2010, to May 30, 2020. A total of 349 children under the age of 15 who had received Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) were included in the study. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.2 and then exported to Stata 14.0 for analysis. Kaplan Meier curve and Log-rank test were used to determine the median survival time and the discrepancy of different categorical variables. The Cox regression model was used to identify the predictors of advanced opportunistic infections. The Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to declare statistical significance. ResultThe incidence rate of advanced opportunistic infection was 5.53 per 100 (95% CI: 4.7, 6.9) Person per year observation (PYO). The median survival time was 113 months and the total follow-up periods were yielding 18882 months. Children presenting with treatment failure, Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy (CPT) non-user, low hemoglobin level (<10 mg/dl), and poor/fair level of adherence to ART were less free survival time as compared to their counterparts for advanced opportunistic infections. ConclusionIn this study, the median of advanced OIs free survival time was found to be low and the incidence rate was found to be high. The incidence advanced OIs was associated with anemia, treatment failure, and poor/fair level of adherence, cotrimoxazole preventive therapy non-users. Further research should conduct to evaluate and to improve the quality of care in the study area.
Highlights
Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems [1], including people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [2]
A retrospective follow-up study was conducted from June 1, 2010, to May 30, 2020, at University of Gondar Compressive specialized hospital and Debre Tabor referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020
Of the 349 participants, 180 (51.6%) were male with a mean Æ SD age of 7.33 Æ 0.178 years; 188 (53.9%) of the participants were between 5- 9 years of age
Summary
Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems [1], including people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [2]. Advanced OIs is the major cause of disease and death in HIV infected children [5]. This study is aimed to assess the incidence of advanced opportunistic infections (OIs) and its predictors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected children at Debre Tabor referral Hospital and University of Gondar Compressive specialized Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Children presenting with treatment failure, Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy (CPT) non-user, low hemoglobin level (
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