Incidence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome and 9-year Follow-up in Na Yao Community, Sanam Chai Khet District, Chacheongsao, Thailand

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes; it comprises a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction. In Thailand, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ranges from 13.2 to 33.3% depending on differences in population and timing of each study. Therefore, due to the limitation of data related to incidence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Thailand, especially in rural areas, this study was established. Objectives: To estimate the incidence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Na Yao Community, Tha Kradan Subdistrict a rural community, central Thailand Methods: From a baseline survey conducted from 2008-2009, a total of 970 metabolic syndrome-free participants were enrolled in Na Yao Community, a rural area of Thailand. However, only 511 (52.6%) cases were re-exmined in December 2016 because the majority had died or migrated. The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the NCEP-ATP IIl criteria to evaluate cumulative incidence and incidence density. The relative risk of possible risk factors was analyzed using Poisson regression Results: During the 9-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence was 14%. The incidence density was 3.47/100 person-years. In multivariate analysis using Poission regression, being female, having serum cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dL and increased BMI every 1 kg/m2 were considered risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The study determined the incidence density of metabolic syndrome in Na Yao Community as 3.47/100 person-years. The significant risk factors of metabolic syndrome were being female, having high serum cholesterol and increased BMI. Therefore, diet control and exercise are recommended to decrease the chance of developing modifiable risk factors (serum cholesterol and BMI). In addition, strategies to detect, treat and prevent metabolic syndrome must be established