Abstract
Introduction: Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most commonly used medical devices in hospitals for the administration of medications. Their use can lead to complications of varying severity. Objective: Determine the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of PVC-related complications. Methods: This was a two-month prospective observational study conducted in the Medical Emergency Department (MED) of Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou. All patients admitted during the study period who had a PVC inserted and removed were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of complications. Results: In total, 459 PVCs were inserted and removed in 415 patients hospitalized at the Medical Emergency Department during the study period. The placement of 37.7% (n = 173) of PVCs resulted in complications in 131 patients (31.6%). For 644.3 days of catheterization, the incidence density was estimated at 6.5 complications per 1000 patient days. Phlebitis (24.0%), infection (5.7%), and accidental removal (2.8%) were the most frequently identified complications. The average age of the patients was 46.8 ± 18.9 years with a sex ratio of 1.22. The average patient hospitalization duration was 2.5 ± 2.6 days. In multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with the occurrence of complications after PVC insertion were patient’s state of agitation during the procedure (aOR = 12.59; 95% CI = 4.12 - 38.49), placement of the PVC at the elbow bend (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.86 - 5.52), multiple attempts (aOR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.49 - 6.75), administration of 10% hypertonic glucose solution (aOR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.62 - 8.33), and duration of catheterization beyond 72 hours without being changed (aOR = 33.00; 95% CI = 14.19 - 76.75). Conclusion: The incidence of PVC-related complications was relatively high. The identification of the factors that can lead to these complications is relevant to the delivery of quality healthcare to patients.
Highlights
Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most commonly used medical devices in hospitals for the administration of medications
Out of 1259 admissions during the period, 415 patients (30.9%) were included. The latter benefited from the installation and removal of 459 PVCs during their stay at Medical Emergency Department
The incidence density was estimated at 6.5 complications per 1000 patient-days
Summary
Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most commonly used medical devices in hospitals for the administration of medications. Results: In total, 459 PVCs were inserted and removed in 415 patients hospitalized at the Medical Emergency Department during the study period. In France, the annual number of PVCs inserted is estimated at 25 million [4] This is not a banal procedure, as it may expose patients to complications that lead to increased morbidity, mortality and prolonged hospitalization [1] [2] [5]. Many studies have investigated the risk factors for complications and especially the factors associated with the occurrence of PVC-related infections and phlebitis in various work settings [5] [7] [8] [9] [11] [12]. Few studies have focused on assessing risk factors for all PVC-related complications [14], and even fewer in an emergency care unit
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