Inbreeding, inbreeding depression, and infidelity in a cooperatively breeding bird.

Gabriela K Hajduk,Loeske E B Kruuk,Helen L Osmond,Andrew Cockburn,Craig A Walling,Nicolas Margraf

doi:10.1111/evo.13496

Abstract

Inbreeding depression plays a major role in shaping mating systems: in particular, inbreeding avoidance is often proposed as a mechanism explaining extra‐pair reproduction in socially monogamous species. This suggestion relies on assumptions that are rarely comprehensively tested: that inbreeding depression is present, that higher kinship between social partners increases infidelity, and that infidelity reduces the frequency of inbreeding. Here, we test these assumptions using 26 years of data for a cooperatively breeding, socially monogamous bird with high female infidelity, the superb fairy‐wren (Malurus cyaneus). Although inbred individuals were rare (∼6% of offspring), we found evidence of inbreeding depression in nestling mass (but not in fledgling survival). Mother–son social pairings resulted in 100% infidelity, but kinship between a social pair did not otherwise predict female infidelity. Nevertheless, extra‐pair offspring were less likely to be inbred than within‐pair offspring. Finally, the social environment (the number of helpers in a group) did not affect offspring inbreeding coefficients or inbreeding depression levels. In conclusion, despite some agreement with the assumptions that are necessary for inbreeding avoidance to drive infidelity, the apparent scarcity of inbreeding events and the observed levels of inbreeding depression seem insufficient to explain the ubiquitous infidelity in this system, beyond the mother–son mating avoidance.

Highlights

Inbreeding depression plays a major role in shaping mating systems: in particular, inbreeding avoidance is often proposed as a mechanism explaining extra-pair reproduction in socially monogamous species
Three assumptions are necessary to support the notion that extra-pair mating occurs to facilitate inbreeding avoidance: (1) that inbreeding depression is present; (2) that infidelity increases with kinship to social mate; and (3) that infidelity reduces the
We found (1) evidence of inbreeding depression in nestling mass; (2) that increased kinship between social partners was associated with a higher frequency of extrapair offspring in the brood; and (3) that extra-pair offspring were less likely to be inbred than within-pair offspring, and when inbred, they had lower inbreeding coefficients than within-pair offspring

Summary

Introduction

Inbreeding depression plays a major role in shaping mating systems: in particular, inbreeding avoidance is often proposed as a mechanism explaining extra-pair reproduction in socially monogamous species. This suggestion relies on assumptions that are rarely comprehensively tested: that inbreeding depression is present, that higher kinship between social partners increases infidelity, and that infidelity reduces the frequency of inbreeding. Three assumptions are necessary to support the notion that extra-pair mating occurs to facilitate inbreeding avoidance: (1) that inbreeding depression is present; (2) that infidelity increases with kinship to social mate; and (3) that infidelity reduces the. Evolution published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution

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