INBREEDING IN BEEKEEPING AND BREEDING

Abstract

The bee family belongs entirely to the class of insects in the genus Apis, and in its way of life, it has the characteristics of higher warm-blooded animals. It is the family as a biological unit that exists all the time. Inside the family, the temperature is always favorable (+36 ºC). It, unlike insects, does not go into anabiosis. The bee family is not a pet and cannot even be tamed. The man uses bee families’ homes as blackbrown foxes, sables, and other game animals. Man has spent the last 200 years trying to create a system of breeding in beekeeping. But instead of working with bee families, all continents have worked only with queen bees, not with families. Working only with uteruses cannot solve the breeding problem or give a desirable positive result. During these two centuries, scientists have created many new breeds: cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, chickens, dogs, etc. During these two centuries, scientists have made many new breeds: cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, chickens, dogs, etc. As far as beekeeping is concerned, what we started with, we got. Sometimes for self-deception, they proclaim that they created the Priokskaya breed, the Krasnaya Polyana breed, the Bakfastovskaya breed, etc. They only got the mongrels. Bee families and family members: queens, dormice, and worker bees retained their original behavioral, exterior, and interior features. The only progress has been in the technology of keeping, caring for, and reproducing bee families. Reproduction in a bee family is twofold: sexual and asexual. Sexless reproduction is natural, and humans can reproduce families artificially. The bee family members are born sexually: mothers, drones, and worker bees. Only bee families reproduce asexually. Over two centuries, various authors have produced a vast amount of literature on breeding. All breeding methods aim to breed mothers and place them in ordinary families to improve them. The scientists conducted such studies in our country, Europe, and the United States. But over two centuries, no breed has been created using only the mothers alone. Over this long period, no breeders have noticed how nature has created dozens of bee breeds. Breeders were not interested, let alone studied “in what way nature created dozens of bee breeds.” Individual scientists have made attempts and tried to unravel the secrets of nature. The solution to this question was close to C. Darwin, A.F. Gubin, I.A. Khalifman, and V.A. Gubin. We at the Kemerovo experimental station and then at the Department of Zoology and Fisheries of the Novosibirsk Agricultural Institute (now Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) studied this issue, and we solved the mysteries of nature and received sensational answers to them.