In2O3 Nanoparticles: An Ecofriendly and Reusable Nano-Catalyst for Green Synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octa-hydro Xanthene Derivatives

Abstract

A novel, singular, and reusable In2O3 nanocatalyst was synthesized in the laboratory using a hydrothermal process. The In2O3 catalyst was characterized via specific strategies like Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) was used to study the functional groups present in the In2O3 catalyst. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the elemental composition of the catalyst. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the catalyst at a microscale level. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) was used to determine the crystal structure of the catalyst, and data analysis confirmed the formation of the crystalline phase of the In2O3 catalyst. The synthesized In2O3 catalyst was used for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octa-hydro xanthene derivatives with 94% yield within 15 min of workup, this makes it a cost-effective and sustainable option for future synthesis reactions. Overall, the synthesis of this novel In2O3 nanocatalyst and its successful application in the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octa-hydro xanthene derivatives highlights the potential of green chemistry approaches in developing efficient and environmentally friendly chemical processes.