In Vivo Ultrasound Prediction of the Fillet Volume in Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis).

Abstract

Simple SummaryThe ability to obtain in vivo information on characteristics related to fish composition is necessary for aquaculture. In addition, there is growing interest in production traits, such as growth, feed efficiency or fillet weight, but it remains difficult to precisely record in vivo individual fish traits that report to these production traits, which can increase edible fish meat production and decrease the environmental impact. In the present study, we performed an ultrasound approach for the in vivo prediction of fillet volume of the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis), a species considered a promising flatfish species for marine fish farming. The results show that models based on ultrasound fillet volume measurements explain above 95% of the variation observed in fillet volume. However, for fillet yield estimation, the results were modest. Therefore, further studies are necessary to better understand the potential of the ultrasound approach to this trait. Nevertheless, this work allows us to conclude that the approach with ultrasound is promising for measuring in vivo fish composition traits.Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) has been considered a promising new flatfish species for Mediterranean marine fish farming. Accurate prediction of fillet traits in live animals may allow for more efficient control of muscle deposition in fish. In this sense, this study was undertaken to develop a non-invasive method to predict in vivo fish fillet volume and yield using real-time ultrasonography (RTU). The trial was conducted with 44 market weight Senegalese sole (298.54 ± 87.30 g). Fish were scanned with an Aloka SSD 500V with a 7.5 MHz probe. Ten RTU cross-sectional images were taken from the operculum to the caudal fin at regular intervals. These images were analyzed using Fiji software. These data were then used to estimate the partial volumes of the fillet. Actual fillet volume was determined using Archimedes’ principle. Simple and stepwise multiple regression analyses were then used to develop prediction models of fillet volume and yield. The most cranial RTU sections of the fish fillet were the best single predictors of both fillet volume and fillet yield and were the ones included in the best stepwise models. The best RTU slice area explained 82% of the variation observed in fillet volume, but the other RTU slice areas used as predictors of fillet volume showed poor to moderate accuracy (0.035 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.615). Single RTU partial volumes showed poor to very high accuracy (0.395 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.970) as predictors of fillet volume. The best stepwise model based on the RTU slice areas included three independent variables and explained 88.3% of the observed variation. The best stepwise models based on RTU partial volumes (single volumes and/or combinations of single volumes) explained about 97% of the variation observed in fillet volume. Two RTU volume traits, V1–5 + V6–9, and V1+()+9, showed to be practically direct predictors of the actual fillet volume, explaining, respectively, 97% and 96% of the variation observed in the actual fillet volume. The fillet yields show lower correlations with slice areas (r between 0.044 and 0.601) than with volumes (r between 0.288 and 0.637). While further studies are clearly necessary to better understand the potential of RTU for the estimation of fillet yield in fish in general and Senegalese sole in particular, the present results showed that RTU traits can be very good predictors of Senegalese sole’s fillet volume, either used in regression models or as direct predictors.