Abstract
Inorganic bovine bone matrix (IBBM) is a biomaterial with proven osteoconductive functionalities. The objective of this study was to assess the in vivo bone regeneration functionalities of IBBM modified or not by an experimental MOE in sheep. MOE synthesis was performed by suspending nacre particles (0.05 g, diameters < 0.01 mm) in anhydrous acetic acid (pH 7, 5 mL, 25°C, 72 hours) using magnetic stirring. Polyethylene carriers (d= 5.0 mm, l= 10.0 mm, open ends) of negative control (sham) or experimental groups (IBBM or MOE-modified IBBM) were placed (n=3 conditions /animal; intramuscularly) adjacent to the lower spine of adult sheep (8 animals, » 45 Kg, 2 years old). Tissues were harvested (at 3 or 6 months) after implantation in preparation for histological (H), morphometrical (MM) and immunohistochemical analyses (IH; Wnt-3a, CD34, Vimentin and PREF-1). MM data were tested for normality and variance homogeneity using the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, and Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis, respectively. IM data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Differences (p < 0.05) were observed between experimental groups (IBBM and IBBM+MOE at both 3 and 6 months) and controls (sham) for total area; Differences were not found for presence of remnant particles among experimental groups. The highest formation of bone was observed with IBBM+MOE (6-months). No differences (p > 0.05) were found on IM analysis (CD34, Vimentin, PREF-1, Wnt3a). Results indicated that experimental materials (IBBM+MOE) display promising functionalities. Additional studies are necessary to define biomaterials’ longitudinal effects and long-term biocompatibility properties.
Highlights
Inorganic bovine bone matrix (IBBM) is an implantable biomaterial with osteoconductive properties that are promising for the development of novel in vivo bone regeneration strategies
Martín-Moldes et al (Martín-Moldes et al, 2018) while investigating the cellular mechanisms involved in bone regeneration precipitated by recombinant DNA sequences, indicated that IBBM can be used in association with osteoinductive biomaterials to stimulate the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts and osteocytes
For the parameter “remnant particles”, the results show that implants of groups IBBM3, IBBM6, IBBM+MOE3 and IBBM+MOE6 displayed 39.7%, 43.2%, 32.6% and 27.7%, respectively, which indicate that implants containing Marine organic extract (MOE)-modified IBBM displayed the lowest amounts of remnant particles present inside the non-reactive carriers, independently of time considered
Summary
Inorganic bovine bone matrix (IBBM) is an implantable biomaterial with osteoconductive properties that are promising for the development of novel in vivo bone regeneration strategies. These 3-dimensional scaffolds should facilitate the ingress and growth of undifferentiated and pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), and should have adequate properties (mechanical, chemical and biological) to passively guide the growth of bony tissues, whereby organic and inorganic components of the matrix, are resorbed to allow the concurrent deposition of bone. Other studies investigating the regeneration functionalities of bone graft materials (biphasic calcium phosphates or Teflon capsules), associated or not with recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor, have validated the utilization of muscular tissues for the assessment of biocompatibility and osteoinductive functionalities of novel implantable biomaterials (Habibovic et al, 2008; Lioubavina-Hack et al, 2005)
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