Abstract
The effect of low-dose photodynamic therapy on in vivo wound healing with topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid and methylene blue was investigated using an animal model for two laser radiation doses (1 and 4 J/cm2). A second-harmonic-generation-to-auto-fluorescence aging index of the dermis (SAAID) was analyzed by two-photon microscopy. SAAID measured at 60–80 μm depths was shown to be a suitable quantitative parameter to monitor wound healing. A comparison of SAAID in healthy and wound tissues during phototherapy showed that both light doses were effective for wound healing; however, healing was better at a dose of 4 J/cm2.
Highlights
Wound healing is a complex physiological and dynamic process that occurs in the skin at the cellular level
This study aims to investigate the dynamics of second-harmonic-generation-to-auto-fluorescence aging index of the dermis (SAAID) in vivo using Two-photon microscopy (TPM) during
The digital photographs of the wounds at different time points were taken for the control and low-dose PDT (LDPDT) groups on the surgery day (0) and successively on days 1, 3, 7, and
Summary
Wound healing is a complex physiological and dynamic process that occurs in the skin at the cellular level. Hemostasis begins within minutes of a wound occurring with vascular constriction and ends in the formation of a fibrin clot The latter is considered essential in promoting the onset of the inflammatory and repair phases [3]. As macrophages clear apoptotic cells, they undergo a phenotypic transition to a reparative state that stimulates keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and angiogenesis to promote tissue regeneration. In this way, macrophages promote a transition to the proliferative phase of healing [5]. Macrophages promote a transition to the proliferative phase of healing [5] The latter generally follows and overlaps with the inflammatory phase, beginning approximately on the third or fourth day after injury. It includes granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, neoangiogenesis, regeneration of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and wound contraction [6,7]
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