In vivo molecular biocompatibility of Calotropis gigentea contrived smart Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-sulphonic-Silver microgel hybrid with embryonic Danio rerio inferred via intrinsic atomic physiological impacts

Abstract

The usage of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is expected to aggrandize for different ecological applications, owing to inimitable physical, chemical, and biological properties. The need of hour propels the quest for new technologies concerning eco-compatible synthesis of AgNPs and their hybrid forms with higher biocompatibility and maximum efficacy. This study proposes a novel ecofriendly synthesis of antibacterial Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-sulphonic-Silver (pNSAg) hybrid aided by the aqueous floral extract of Calotropis gigantea. and inquisite its higher mechanistic in vivo biocompatibility with zebrafish. Physiochemical characterization of pNSAg confirmed the hybridization of AgNPs with pNIPAM with thermo-sensitive size variation property as determined by dynamic light scattering, FESEM, and flow cytometry. Comparative antibacterial analysis showed concentration and temperature-dependent higher activity of pNSAg compared to AgNPs at 20 °C. In vivo biocompatibility investigation determined the LC50 of 112.3 µg/mL for pNSAg compared to 51.2 µg/mL for AgNPs with embryonic zebrafish. Mechanistic biocompatibility unraveled it as effect of induction of oxidative stress leading to apoptosis via interaction with metabolic proteins like he1a, Sod1, and p53. The study provided insight into in vivo biocompatibility of polymer-metal nanoparticles hybrid with an eco-compatible approach for their synthesis paving a pathway to ecological and biomedical applications.