Abstract
New methods for in vivo mapping of brain responses during deep brain stimulation (DBS) are indispensable to secure clinical applications. Assessment of current density distribution, induced by internally injected currents, may provide an alternative method for understanding the therapeutic effects of electrical stimulation. The current flow and pathway are affected by internal conductivity, and can be imaged using magnetic resonance-based conductivity imaging methods. Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is an imaging method that can enable highly resolved mapping of electromagnetic tissue properties such as current density and conductivity of living tissues. In the current study, we experimentally imaged current density distribution of in vivo canine brains by applying MREIT to electrical stimulation. The current density maps of three canine brains were calculated from the measured magnetic flux density data. The absolute current density values of brain tissues, including gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid were compared to assess the active regions during DBS. The resulting current density in different tissue types may provide useful information about current pathways and volume activation for adjusting surgical planning and understanding the therapeutic effects of DBS.
Highlights
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective and popular treatment tool for a range of neuropsychiatric diseases.[1]
The measured magnetic flux density (Bz), calculated voltage distribution (u0), and calculated Bz0 images (Fig. 2(b) to (d), respectively) are used for mapping current density of brain tissues using the method described in the Methods section.[21,22]
The success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment depends on the induced current density distribution within different anatomical structures of the brain
Summary
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective and popular treatment tool for a range of neuropsychiatric diseases.[1] To electrically stimulate the target regions, DBS electrodes are implanted into brain areas that are assumed to be optimal sites, and the stimulator is activated without any prior knowledge about anatomical distribution of the current spread.[2,3,4] current density distribution is an important factor in determining patterns of neural excitation, tissue damage, and electrode implantation.[5]. It is known that brain volume activation is related to current density distribution during electrical stimulation.[5,6] If we can image in vivo current density distribution of brain tissues near the target area, it is possible to optimize the efficiency of stimulation by changing the electrode configuration. The precise effects of electrical stimulation on brain tissues are currently unclear, due to limitations in imaging capabilities
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