Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural flavonoid polyphenol compound extracted from the plants which shows various biological activities. However, the clinical application of RSV is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability. In this study, resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (RSV- SLNs) was design as a nano-antioxidant against the physical fatigue. The resultant RSV-SLNs were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron micrographs (TEM), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy pattern. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-fatigue effect assays showed that RSV-SLNs prolonged the mice exhausted time and running distance. The biochemical parameters of blood related to fatigue suggested that RSV-SLNs have potential applications to improve the antioxidant defense of the mice after extensive exercise and confer anti-fatigue capability. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant by RSV-SLNs supplementation was investigated through the analysis of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) protein expression, which demonstrated that it could downregulate the expression of SIRT1 and increase autophagy markers, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62). These results reveal that the RSV-SLNs may have great potential used as a novel anti-fatigue sports nutritional supplement.
Highlights
Fatigue is defined as the difficulty in initiating or sustaining voluntary activities, and can be classified into mental and physical fatigue
The protective effects of RSV-Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), which included downregulating the expression of silent information regulator homolog 1 (SIRT1) and increasing light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and p62, demonstrated that RSV-SLNs is essential for the amelioration of long-term endurance exercise-impaired autophagic flux in the skeletal muscle by downregulating SIRT1
Resveratrol had been successfully incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticle emulsification and low-temperature solidification method
Summary
Fatigue is defined as the difficulty in initiating or sustaining voluntary activities, and can be classified into mental and physical fatigue. Physical fatigue is thought to be accompanied by deterioration in physical performance. The “radical theory” has been attracted more attention [1]. The classical “radical theory” suggests that intense exercise can produce an imbalance between the body’s oxidation system and its anti-oxidation system. The accumulation of reactive free radicals will lead to oxidative stress which can induce injury to tissues or organs and is one of the reasons for fatigue [2,3]. Fatigue is a physiological phenomenon that arises from physical stress or exhaustive exercises leading to the reduction of physical endurance capacity [4]
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