Abstract
Defective lipid metabolism is associated with increased risk of various chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, has been shown the potential of ameliorating disregulations of lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feed intake and RSV on lipid metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The adult males were randomly allocated to 6 groups: control (Con, 8 mg cysts/fish/day), control with 20 μmol/L RSV (Con+RSV), calorie restriction (CR, 5 mg cysts/fish/day), calorie restriction with RSV (CR+RSV), overfeed (OF, 60 mg cysts/fish/day), and overfeed with RSV (OF+RSV) groups. The treatment period was 8 weeks. Results showed that CR reduced body length, body weight, and condition factor of zebrafish. CR reduced levels of plasma triglyceride (TG) and induced protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase-α (pAMPKα), silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1α). RSV attenuated CR-induced pAMPKα/AMPKαincreases. RSV increased levels of Sirt1 protein in the OF zebrafish, and decreased OF-induced increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) protein level. Additionally, RSV down-regulated caveolin-1 and up-regulated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -II (LC3-II) protein levels in OF zebrafish. In conclusion, these results suggest that 1) CR reduces plasma TG level through activation of the AMPKα-Sirt1- PGC1α pathway; 2) under different dietary stress conditions RSV might regulate AMPK phosphorylation bi-directionally; 3) RSV might regulate lipid metabolism through the AMPKα-Sirt1-PPARγ pathway in OF zebrafish.
Highlights
Differences in calorie intake contribute to the formation of various somatotypes that affect optimal health
Compared with the Con group, body length and body weight in calorie restriction (CR) group were decreased by 4.6% and 20.6%, respectively, and those in OF group were increased by 10.4% and 54.2%, respectively
Our findings indicate that CR substantially increases AMPKα phosphorylation and silent information regulator homolog 1 (Sirt1) protein expression in zebrafish, which are in agreement with the previous studies
Summary
Differences in calorie intake contribute to the formation of various somatotypes that affect optimal health. RSV ameliorates lipid metabolism disorders accumulation and an increased risk of acquiring a number of chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes [1]. Calorie restriction (CR), a 30%–50% reduction in dietary intake relative to ad libitum, has been proven to be effective in extending lifespan and protecting against obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in various animal models, such as fish, rats and mice [2, 3]. RSV has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, cardioprotective effects, etc [4, 5]. In high-fat-diet-induced obese mice, RSV exerts anti-obesity effects through alterations in lipid metabolism-related gene expression [6], decreases in preadipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis, and increases in lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation [7, 8]. RSV is known to induce autophagy and regulate mobilization and degradation of lipid droplets [9, 10]
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