In vivo and in vitro effect of novel 4,16-pregnadiene-6,20-dione derivatives, as 5α-reductase inhibitors

Abstract

In this study, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of several new 3-substituted pregna-4,16-diene-6,20-dione derivatives ( 11a– 11d). These compounds were prepared from the commercially available 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate. The biological effect of these steroids was demonstrated in in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the in vivo experiments, we measured the activity of the 11a– 11d on the weight of the prostate gland of gonadectomized hamsters treated with testosterone plus finasteride or with the new steroids. For the studies in vitro, we determined the IC 50 values by measuring the steroid concentration that inhibits 50% of the activity of 5α-reductase present in human prostate. In order to study the mechanism of action of 11a– 11d, we also determined the capacity of these steroids to bind to the androgen receptor (AR) present in the rat prostate cytosol using labeled mibolerone as a tracer. The results from this work indicated that compounds 11a– 11d significantly decreased the weight of the prostate as compared to testosterone treated animals and this reduction of the weight of the prostate was comparable to that produced by the finasteride. On the other hand 11a– 11d exhibited a high inhibitory activity for the human 5α-reductase enzyme with IC 50 values of 1.4 × 10 −8, 1.8 × 10 −9, 1.0 × 10 −8 and 4 × 10 −5 respectively. However the IC 50 value of 11a (1.8 × 10 −9) was the only one lower than that of finasteride (8.5 × 10 −9). Nevertheless this compound did not show a higher potency in vivo as compared to that of compounds 11b– 11d. The competition analysis for the androgen receptor indicated that the IC 50 value of non-labeled mibolerone used in this experiment was 1 nM, whereas steroids 10, 11a– 11d did not inhibit the labeled mibolerone binding to the androgen receptor. On the other hand, steroid 10 did not show any activities in vitro or in vivo, and for this reason these steroidal derivatives ( 11a– 11d) cannot be considered as prodrugs of compound 10. In conclusion, the compounds containing chlorine 11a, bromine 11b, iodine 11c atoms, and 11d (without any substituent in the ester moiety) at C-3 produce a significant decrease of the prostate weight in castrated animals treated with T and inhibits the activity of the 5α-reductase. Apparently the presence of the halogen atoms in compounds 11a– 11c enhances the inhibitory activity for the 5α-reductase enzyme.