In vitro synergy of 5-nitrofurans, vancomycin and sodium deoxycholate against Gram-negative pathogens.

Abstract

Introduction There is an urgent need for effective therapies against bacterial infections, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.HypothesisSynergistic combinations of existing antimicrobials show promise due to their enhanced efficacies and reduced dosages which can mitigate adverse effects, and therefore can be used as potential antibacterial therapy.Aim In this study, we sought to characterize the in vitro interaction of 5-nitrofurans, vancomycin and sodium deoxycholate (NVD) against pathogenic bacteria.Methodology The synergy of the NVD combination was investigated in terms of growth inhibition and bacterial killing using checkerboard and time-kill assays, respectively.Results Using a three-dimensional checkerboard assay, we showed that 5-nitrofurans, sodium deoxycholate and vancomycin interact synergistically in the growth inhibition of 15 out of 20 Gram-negative strains tested, including clinically significant pathogens such as carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii , and interact indifferently against the Gram-positive strains tested. The time-kill assay further confirmed that the triple combination was bactericidal in a synergistic manner.Conclusion This study demonstrates the synergistic effect of 5-nitrofurans, sodium deoxycholate and vancomycin against Gram-negative pathogens and highlights the potential of the combination as a treatment for Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections.