Abstract
This study was carried out from 8th Jan 2010 to 8th Feb 2011. A total of 60 consecutive Klebsiella recovered during the study period in 100 urine sample of UTI patients. 22 isolates were ESBL producer and 38 isolates were non-ESBL producers. The prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella in urine sample of UTI patients was 22%. Detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella in urine sample of UTI patients was carried out by double disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton Agar. A susceptibility disk containing Piperacillin\ Tazobactum was placed as the inhibitor of β-lactamase in the center of the plate, Piperacillin were placed 30 mm from the Piperacillin\Tazobactum disk. Enhancement of zone of inhibition of disc of Piperacillin alone towards the disc containing Piperacillin\ Tazobactum, showing a figure of eight impression were considered as ESBL producer. All recovered isolates were resistant against ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, and cefotaxime and sensitive against impenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants Euphorbia heterophylla and Acalypha indica were assessed for ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Highlights
Burkholderiacepacia, Capnocyto-Nosocomial outbreaks are often caused by ESBL-producing isolates, in intensive care, they result from the clonally transmission of epidemic isolate and/or the horizontal transfer of resistance genes[1]
K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were used as control strains. 2.5 Collection of the plant material: The fresh plants leafs of Euphorbia heterophylla and Acalypha indica were collected from the surrounding areas of Paonta sahib (H.P.) and identified by Botanical survey of India, Dehradun. 2.6 Preparation of the extracts: For the preparation of plant extract the leaf of plants were dried under shade and stored into fine powder using electric blender. 50g of dried powder sample was taken and extracted by sox let apparatus using distilled water, methanol, petroleum ether and ethanol separately
Enhancement of zone of inhibition of disc of Piperacillin alone towards the disc containing Piperacillin\ Tazobactum, showing a figure of eight impression were considered as ESBL producer. 3.2 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test: All recovered isolates were resistant against ampicillin (25mcg), amoxicillin (25 mcg), ceftazidime (30 mcg), ceftriaxone (30 mcg), tetracycline (30 mcg), chloramphenicol (30 mcg), gentamycin (25 mcg), cefotaxime (30 mcg) and sensitive against impenem (30 mcg), amikacin (30 mcg), and ciprofloxacin (25 mcg) and meropenem (10 mcg)
Summary
Nosocomial outbreaks are often caused by ESBL-producing isolates, in intensive care, they result from the clonally transmission of epidemic isolate and/or the horizontal transfer of resistance genes[1]. Many and regular studies on ESBL-producing bacteria are conducted in numerous countries, whereas very few information on this issue is available in Iran. ESBLs are enzymes that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum (third generation) cephalosporins (e.g., ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone) and monobactams (e.g., aztreonam) but do not affect cephamycins (e.g., cefoxitin and cefotetan) or carbapenems (e.g., imipenem or meropenem). These ESBLs are commonly inhibited by lactamase-inhibitors such as clavulinic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam. Producers is complicated by resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporin, and because many ESBL genes are on large plasmids containing genes which encode resistance to many other antibiotics including aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and tetracycline antibiotics. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of urinary tract infections collected from ICU patients
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