In-Vitro Study of Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative activity of Cyanogenic glycoside extracted from Bamboo shoot of Bambusa arundinacea

Abstract

Bambusa arundinacea is a common bamboo species found in Andaman and Nicobar islands. There are over 1200 species of bamboo belonging to 75 genera which has been documented worldwide. Bamboo plants especially the leaves and shoots are known to have cyanogenic glycosides like taxiphyllin and amygdalin apart from vitamin C and other components. Immature bamboo shoots are consumed as vegetable in several asian countries. In the present study the crude extract of Bambusa arundinacea in various solvents was performed. Further preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract was done. Based the results of phytochemical screening, methanol extract was selected for further study. HPLC analysis was done confirm the presence of Amygdalin. GC-MS Analysis of methanol extract of B.arundinacea shows the presence of 40 compounds. The major compounds found in the methanol extracts based on the retension time were beta.-Sitosterol; 2-Methyl-7-phenylindole, 1-(Methylamino)anthraquinone, (R)-(-)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecyn-1-ol and 2-Ethylbutyric acid, nonadecyl ester. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts were tested using two Gram positive bacteria namely S. aureus and pneumonia and two Gram negative bacteria viz. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutant. The zone of inhibition was maximum in acetone and ethylacetate extracts while it was minimum for methanol extract. This might be due to the presence of taxiphyllin in the acetone and ethylacetate extract which are relatively non-polar as compared to methanol. To determine whether the inhibition of cell proliferation by methanolic extract from bamboo shoot was due to the induction of apoptosis, PC3 cell exposed to methanol extract were stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide. The results show that at dose of 150 μg/mL, methanolic extract showed increased percentages of early apoptotic cells. Based on the results of the study, methanol extract of Bambusa arundinacea is a rich source of secondary metabolites, with presence of high levels of flavanoids and tannins. Presence of amygdalin in methanol extract is confirmed by HPLC analysis. Though the extract has a comparatively low antimicrobial activity yet the high anti-apoptotic activity of the extract coupled with a rich antioxidant ativity makes it an ideal candidate as a source of drug for cancer therapy.