Abstract
Crude leave extracts of four folklore medicinal plants were subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assays against microbial pathogens using well diffusion method. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of the crude leave extracts of four folklore consists of Neem, Moringa, Jatropha and Balanites revealed that there is present of bioactive phytocomponents with potential antimicrobial ingredients when Soxhlet extraction was performed using different solvents (Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol, acetone and Ethyl acetate). The crude extracts showed significant antimicrobial activities against all microbial pathogens screened with highest activity in methanol and chloroform extracts of alkaloids as phytocomponents. While highest activity was recorded in methanol and chloroform extracts, faintly in ethyl acetate extracts using phenolics Phytochemical. Whereas, microbial activities was moderately present in chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts using steroids and reducing sugars phytocomponents respectively. Whereas, the antimicrobial activities against pathogens revealed remarkable sensitivity with prominent zone of inhibitions with ranging from 14mm to 26mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 10mm to 24mm in streptococcus species using extracts from chloroform, ethyl acetate, Hexane and methanol extracts. Likewise, moderate zone of inhibition ranging from 14mm to 17mm was recorded in Staphalococcus aureus, 10mm to 17mm was recorded in P. pyogene and 10mm to 16mm in Escherichia coli respectively. Whereas weak zone of inhibition ranging from 10 mm to 12 mm was obtained against streptococcus mutans. The bioactive ingredients of those with antimicrobial activities are screened and recommended that more research work be conducted to explore their bioactive components for formulation into appropriate dosage as potential antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases in the study area.
Highlights
Traditional medicine as a source of bioactive compound for pharmaceutical and microbiological studies has been handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years [1,2]
The preliminary phytochemical investigation of the crude leave extracts of four folklore consists of Neem, Moringa, Jatropha and Balanites revealed that there is present of bioactive phytocomponents with potential antimicrobial ingredients when Soxhlet extraction was performed using different solvents (Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol, acetone and Ethyl acetate)
Moderate zone of inhibition ranging from 14mm to 17mm was recorded in Staphalococcus aureus, 10mm to 17mm was recorded in P. pyogene and 10mm to 16mm in Escherichia coli respectively
Summary
Traditional medicine as a source of bioactive compound for pharmaceutical and microbiological studies has been handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years [1,2]. In recent years medicinal plants and their phytocomponents are used in traditional treatments of various diseases in the developing countries like Nigeria because of the high cost of modern synthetic drugs [3]. The indiscriminate use of synthetic antimicrobial drugs commonly employed in the treatment of ailment lead to antibiotic resistance. This necessitate scientists to explore for new antimicrobial substance from various sources such as herbs and medicinal plants [10,11]. The phytocomponents of plants enhances ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies leading to production of a more potent drug with high antimicrobial agent with less side effect [15,16]. In the present research work four folklore medicinal plants were evaluated for phytochemical and antimicrobial properties
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