Abstract
The in vitro production of phytochemicals by the embryogenic cultures of nutmeg- Myristica fragrans Houtt., a tropical tree of considerable commercial and medicinal value, was investigated. The regeneration potential of the somatic embryos and the morphogenetic responses of foliar explants were also studied. The metabolite profiling of the long term embryogenic cultures established from zygotic embryos in media with activated charcoal, revealed the presence of several monoterpenes and essential oils including α & β-pinene, myristicin, safrole, methyl eugenol and betasitosterol. The essential oil profile varied with the age of the cultures and the 3 week old cultures had a rich variety of monoterpenes. The spent charcoal medium of these embryogenic cultures exhibited strong anti-microbial activity against the pathogens Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. This is considered to be the first report of in vitro production of phytochemicals by the embryogenic mass. The results obtained in this study suggest that both the embryogenic cultures and the spent charcoal medium can act as sources of products of pharmacological interest and provide a basis for further biotechnological investigations of this rare, medicinally important species and for conservation of its germplasm by cryopreservation. Germination of somatic embryos derived from zygotic embryos was achieved in media with NAA. Direct formation of somatic embryos was achieved in leaf explants from juvenile plants in MS media with kinetin, 2,4-D and NAA. Keywords: Embryogenic, myristicin, safrole, antimicrobial, tissue culture, medicinal plant
Highlights
Houtt., a tropical tree of considerable commercial and approaches to augment the availability of plant material medicinal value, was investigated
The results obtained in this study suggest that both the it was observed that the browning and necrosis embryogenic cultures and the spent charcoal medium of explants could be controlled by incorporation of can act as sources of products of pharmacological activated charcoal 0.3-0.5% (w/v) in the media interest and provide a basis for further biotechnological presumably due to adsorption and sequestration of the investigations of this rare, medicinally important species inhibitory metabolites leached out of the tissues and and for conservation of its germplasm by resulted in direct high frequency somatic embryogenesis cryopreservation
The spent medium of the embryogenic cultures from zygotic embryos was extracted with 80% ethanol, centrifuged and the supernatant concentrated by evaporation in vacuo and analysed by GC-MS using a DB-5 capillary column
Summary
Houtt., a tropical tree of considerable commercial and approaches to augment the availability of plant material medicinal value, was investigated. Direct formation of somatic embryos was achieved study the potential of the embryogenic cultures of nutmeg in leaf explants from juvenile plants in MS media with for continuous in vitro production of its valuable bioactive kinetin, 2,4-D and NAA.
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