Abstract
As a valuable medicinal plant, Salvia plebeia R. Brown (S. plebeia) belongs to the Lamiaceae family that has been subjected to over-exploitation in its natural habitat for phytochemical and pharmacological studies. The present study focuses on the development of a micropropagation protocol for sustainable propagation and conservation of S. plebeia. Direct organogenesis (from shoot tips and cotyledonary nodes explants) and globular bodies (GBs) induction (from hypocotyl explants) systems have been established in S. plebeia. Alternative collection methods need to be developed for the large-scale propagation of S. plebeia. In addition, roots as explants can also induce adventitious shoots via callus. The highest and number of regenerated shoots (7.0 ± 0.8) per shoot tips was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a combination of 0.1 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), the proliferation of shoots and shoots rooted were carried out on the same medium treatments almost synchronously. Similarly, MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L−1 IAA and 1.0 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) yielded the maximum number of shoots (37.5 ± 1.3) with 100% shoot sprouting frequency. Simultaneously, a protocol was developed for GB induction from hypocotyl explants, and it produced 17.4 GBs per explant with 82.7% response on MS medium supplemented with TDZ (1.0 mg L−1) and IAA (0.1 mg L−1), and produced GBs were characterized by globular, heart-shaped, and cotyledonary stages and successfully germinated on hormone-free MS medium, the developmental process of which was similar to that embryo. The acclimatized plantlets with well-developed root systems were successfully shifted to the natural soils with a 100% survival rate. Taken together, it is the foremost report on in vitro regeneration of S. plebeia; this work will facilitate in germplasm preservation and genetic transformation and provides necessary plant materials for various biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
Highlights
As a highly valued medicinal plant, Salvia plebeia R
The highest and number of regenerated shoots (7.0±0.82) per shoot tips was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a combination of 0.1 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), the proliferation of shoots and shoots rooted were carried out on the same medium treatments almost synchronously
A protocol was developed for Globular bodies (GBs) induction from hypocotyl explants, and it produced 17.4 GBs per explant with 82.7% response on MS medium supplemented with TDZ (1.0 mg L-1) and IAA (0.1 mg L-1), and produced GBs that were morphologically similar to globular embryos and successfully germinated on hormone-free MS medium
Summary
As a highly valued medicinal plant, Salvia plebeia R. Brown (S. plebeia) belongs to the family Lamiaceae and genus Salvia. S. plebeia is an annual or biennial herb famous for its medicinal properties, and it is distributed in China, South Korea, Japan, India, Iran and Australia. This plant is extensively used in traditional systems of medicine in many parts of the world (Bang et al 2016; Seo et al 2019). As a traditional Chinese herb, S. plebeia has a huge potential to be used in traditional prescriptions and home health remedies (Bang et al 2016). Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of diterpenoids, flavonoids, lignans and sesquiterpenoids in this herb, which exhibits various biological activities, such as antioxidant (Wang et al 2018), antiproliferative (Ma et al 2017; Jung et al 2009), antiviral (Bang et al 2016), and anti-inflammatory (Zou et al 2018; Akram et al 2015; Jung et al 2009;), and anti-obesity (Choiet al. 2016) properties
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