Abstract
Silybum marianum L. is a wild medicinal herbal plant in Jordan. It is widely used in folk medicine due to its high content of silymarin. In vitro production of silymarin was experimented at different concentrations (0.0, 0.4, 1.0, 1.6 or 2.0 mg/l) of growth regulators (6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), or 6-(gamma,gamma- Dimethylallylamino) purine (2ip)) and different concentrations (15, 30,45,60 mg/l) of carbon sources (glucose, fructose, and sucrose). HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis was used to identify silymarin components. In vitro grown S. marianum on MS (Murashige and Skoo 1962) medium supplemented with (1.6 mg/l) kinetin and (0.1 mg/l) 1-Naphthaleneacetc acid (NAA) gave the highest silymarin content of (0.84%) silybin and (0.49%) silydanin as compared with cultures grown on hormone-free MS media which contained (0.36%) silybin and (0.30%) silydanin. In vitro grown S. marianum on MS medium supplemented with (2.0 mg/l) BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA yielded (0.67%) silybin and (0.37%) silydanin, while MS media supplemented with (1.0 mg/l) of 2iP gave (0.72%) silybin and (0.24%) silydanin. Otherwise, the in vivo (wild) grown shoots of S. marianum gave (1.07%) for silybin and (0.46%) sildyanin. Among carbon source, glucose at (45 g/l) gave (1.63%) of silymarin content. Results indicated a significant use of in vitro grown cultures for silymarin production.
Highlights
Medicinal plants comprise about 485 species of wild plants which are categorized according to their families and genera
Milk thistle seeds were germinated on hormone free MS [16] (Murashige and Skoog 1962 medium), after surface sterilization as described by Al Hawamdeh [17], shoots were multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 6-furfurylaminopurine at 0.5 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L of 1-Naphthaleneacetc acid (NAA)
MS medium supplemented with 1.6 mg/L kinetin and 0.1 mg/L NAA gave the maximum percentage for both silybin (0.84%) and silydanin (0.49%) and total silymarin content (1.33%)
Summary
Medicinal plants comprise about 485 species of wild plants which are categorized according to their families and genera. The importance of these wild plants resides because of their secondary products which are used in folk medicine and pharmaceutical industries [1]. Medicinal plants are distributed in all arid and semi-arid regions. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) is an important medicinal plant that has volatile oils and other secondary metabolites. The most common compound in milk thistle is silymarin, which is an isomeric mixture of flavonolignans (silybin, silychristin, and silydanin). Silymarin acts as a strong anti-hepatotoxic, which has been used for chronic inflammatory liver disease and liver cirrhosis [2]
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