Abstract
BackgroundIron chelate sources and their concentrations are important factors in in vitro propagation of date palm. This study’s objective was to investigate the effect of the iron chelated form on the growth and development of tissue cultures of Barhee cultivar. ResultsThe addition of FeEDDHA to the culture medium was more effective than FeEDTA on callus growth, shoot regeneration, and the number of shoots per jar, where the best result (220.8mg callus, 86.67% and 17.2 shoots per jar, respectively) was obtained by using 93.5 mg L−1 FeEDDHA (5.6 mg L−1 Fe), compared with other treatments. The results also indicate that using 93.5 mg L−1 FeEDDHA (5.6 mg L−1 Fe) as a supplement can decrease antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD activity compared to the rest of the treatments. Medium equipped with 187.0 mg L−1 FeEDDHA (11.2 mg L−1Fe) had the highest rooting percentage and number of roots per shoot than other treatments. The biochemical analysis results showed that treatments with FeEDDHA of 280.5 mg L−1 (16.8 mg L−1 Fe) and 187.0 mg L−1 (11.2 mg L−1Fe) significantly increased the iron content. The results showed that shoot maximum chlorophyll and endogenous IAA level content were recorded in a medium supplemented with 187.0 mg L−1 FeEDDHA (11.2 mg L−1Fe) as Fe source. ConclusionFeEDDHA used in the present study was proven to be a promising iron chelate source in comparison with the FeEDTA sources.
Highlights
Iron chelate sources and their concentrations are important factors in in vitro propagation of date palm
Callus weight, shoot multiplication, and average shoot formation significantly decreased at double ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (FeEDTA) and triple ferric ethylene di-2-hydroxyphenyl acetate (FeEDDHA) concentration in MS medium (Table 1, Figs. 1 and 2, T2 and T5)
The least CAT and peroxidase activity (POD) activity of the shoots was achieved in the medium supplied with 93.5 mg L−1 FeEDDHA (5.6 mg L−1 Fe) (Fig. 3A and B)
Summary
Iron chelate sources and their concentrations are important factors in in vitro propagation of date palm. The increasing demand for rare and excellent quality date palm cultivars makes us use micropropagation as an unavoidable propagation method [1,2,3]. It is an essential element of plant tissue culture media; it is necessary for plant. Al-Mayahi Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (2021) 19:83 is supplied in MS medium [10] as a chelated component of ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (FeEDTA). This is not a stable form, and Fe released soon becomes unavailable to tissues cultured due to iron-phosphate formation [11]. Iron deficiency or altered pH of the culture medium leads to decreased availability, bud growth inhibition, and reduced chloroplast pigments [12]
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